UNESCO will celebrate the World Day for Glaciers and the World Water Day at its
Headquarters in Paris on 18-19 March 2026, launching the new Decade of Action for
Cryospheric Sciences (2025-2034) with dedicated sessions and side events including
five outlined in this article that highlight the vital links between cryosphere, water,
climate and social equity.
These days aim to drive forward Sustainable Development Goal 6 (water and sanitation
for all) and promote sustainable, equitable water management during the year America
is celebrating its 250th anniversary—or semiquincentennial.

Havre de Grace Maritime Museum – America at 250 Exhibition

The cryosphere, including glaciers, ice sheets, permafrost, sea ice and snow, stores
around 70% of Earth’s freshwater, yet it is shrinking fast. Glaciers are losing over 273
billion tonnes of ice annually, with significant acceleration in the last decade, severely
impacting global water security, infrastructure, and raising sea levels. Nearly 2–3 billion
people rely on seasonal melt for water, while rising seas threaten 1 billion people in
coastal areas. The cryosphere’s rapid, often irreversible, collapse disrupts ecosystems,
triggers disasters, and accelerates global warming.
The “Glacier Flag” a side event for World Day for Glaciers in Paris created by award
winning artists Alfons Rodriguez and Fatma Kadir that is on exhibit at the America at
250 Art Show hosted by the Havre de Grace Maritime Museum from January 31 too
July 5 th , 2026. It draws attention to strengthening research, monitoring, education and
policy action on cryospheric change.
Sofia Fonseca, the founder of Teiduma explained “This art show is a collective
exhibition, connecting USA’s maritime heritage, environmental consciousness, and
artistic interpretation of flags and landmarked lighthouses in a powerful celebration of
250 years of American history.
The exhibition brings together the work of Alfons Rodríguez alongside an international
group of artists and colleagues: Semine Hazar, Ian Hutton, Fatma Kadir, Maria
Krasnopolsky, Selva Ozelli, Ilhan Sayin, and Mary Tiegree.
The exhibition offers a reflective and visually compelling dialogue on USA’s history,
identity, landscape, and shared futures at this significant milestone.
Alfons Rodríguez‘s contribution, including works from The Melting Age series, situates
environmental awareness on melting glaciers within broader historical and cultural
narratives—reminding us that national anniversaries are also moments to reflect on
responsibility, resilience, and continuity.”

America at 250 at Havre de Grace Maritime Museum

Concord Point Lighthouse  by Semine Hazar the second-oldest lighthouse in MD which is located across the street from Havre de Grace Maritime Museum
America at 250 is also host to “Lighthouses” by Semine Hazar and the “Paradise Flag“
by Ian Hutton and Selva Ozelli which are side events for World Water Day in Paris
drawing attention to sustainable water management including groundwater and
freshwater flows.
The Havre de Grace Maritime Museum and its integrated Environmental Center serve
as a hub for both maritime heritage and regional water sustainability efforts. Located at
the confluence of the Susquehanna River and the Chesapeake Bay, the museum
actively promotes environmental stewardship through art exhibitions, citizen science,
habitat restoration, and water quality monitoring.  A meet the artists event will be hosted
by the museum on April 25 th .

Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University (LDEO) – Where
Science Meets Art

The Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) is a world-renowned research
institution at Columbia University, founded in 1949 to study Earth’s natural systems.
LDEO scientists were among the first to map the seafloor, provide proof for the theory of
plate tectonics, continental drift, and develop a computer model that predicted El Niño
events. LDEO’s research covers everything from formation of the Earth, moon, and
solar system, as well as the movement of carbon and other materials through the Earth
System, including its atmosphere, oceans, and land, using different types of Earth
materials from sediments to cave deposits to tree rings to identify past climate shifts and
changes.
On March 25 th in celebration of World Glaciers and Water Days LDEO’s Interim
Director; Higgins Professor, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences,
Columbia University Dr. Steven L. Goldstein  is hosting a public lecture series event
titled:

“Climate and Ice: From Rising Seas to Shrinking Mountain Glaciers”

Professor Joerg M. Schaefer LDEO Geochemistry, Department of Earth and
Environmental Sciences & Columbia Climate School, Columbia University will explore
how fast ice is melting, where it is changing most rapidly, and how we can respond to
these challenges with LDEOs cutting-edge research including Greenland
Rising/Kalaallit Nunaat qaffappoq, a recent National Science Foundation–funded
collaborative project of LDEO, the Greenland Institute of Natural Resources (GINR),
and local Greenland communities that is vital for understanding these shifts and how
applying this science today can help build a safer, more sustainable future.

Time: 6:00 PM – 8:00 PM
Place: Monell Building, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964
[REGISTER HERE]
Phone: (212)853-8861
Email: events@ldeo.columbia.edu

LDEO is also hosting the “Paradise” art show by Ian Hutton and Selva Ozelli and the
“Ocean Lovers – To the Core Flag CCL” by Selva Ozelli that are a side events for World
Water Day in Paris. The Ocean Lovers – To the Core Flag CCL is designed based on
core research by LDEO scientists as follows:

1. Dr. Dorothy Peteet is a prominent Senior Research Scientist at
   the NASA/Goddard Institute for Space Studies and an Adjunct Professor
   at Columbia University who specializes in the paleoecology of wetlands and
   lakes. She directs the New Core Lab at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory,
   where she utilizes sediment cores to reconstruct past climates and study modern
   carbon sequestration; and
2. Drs  William Ryan, Walter Pitman, Petko Dimitrov, and their colleagues who first
   proposed that a catastrophic inflow of Mediterranean seawater into the Black
   Sea freshwater lake occurred around 7,600 years ago, c. 5600 BCE with, rising
   Mediterranean waters breaching the Bosphorus strait, catastrophically flooding a
   freshwater lake and creating the modern, salty Black Sea potentially influencing
   ancient flood myths. Drs Ryan and Pitman cited submerged shorelines,
   preserved dunes, and marine fossils found in deep core samples. While the event
   is recognized, the speed and magnitude of the flood are still debated.

Ocean Lovers – To the Core Flag by Selva Ozelli for LDEO

National Lighthouse Museum (NLM)

The National Lighthouse Museum in Staten Island, NY, preserves maritime history at
the former U.S. Lighthouse Service General Depot. It focuses on sustainability through
educating the public on eroding shorelines and “super storms”. The museum promotes
coastal resilience and supports initiatives like the Waterfront Alliance  and the Living
Breakwaters project to protect coastal communities.

Aligning with broader goals of World Water Day, on March 4, 2026, NLM will participate
in the Waterfront Alliance  City of Water Day kick-off info session (1–2 PM ET) to
discuss this year’s theme centered on expanding the capacity of New York and New
Jersey communities to promote green infrastructure, water quality, and habitat
restoration for resilient, accessible waterfronts that support better water quality for
marine life.

This initiative and NLM’s harbor initiatives such as the March 29, tour of the New York
harbor with Author of over 100 books Bill Miller – Mr. Ocean Liner emphasize protecting
vital coastal and freshwater ecosystems through sustainable practices, fostering climate
resilience, and engaging in community-driven environmental solutions.

NLM is also hosting a meet the artist event titled Lighthouses are for [Ocean] Lovers
and Friends High Tea on March 14 th for the Ocean Lovers – Angel Fish Flag by Selva
Ozelli that is a side event for World Water Day in Paris drawing attention to sustainable
water management.

Ocean Lovers – Angel Fish Flag CCL by Selva Ozelli for NLM

The America at 250 exhibition along with the Flag CCL series of Selva Ozelli has been
endorsed by Freedom 250 which is a national initiative launched by President Donald
Trump to lead the celebration of the 250th anniversary of American independence on
July 4, 2026. It is a public-private partnership aimed at honoring U.S. history, preserving
historic sites, fostering patriotism, and highlighting innovation.

World Water Day Flag CCL Series

Written by: Selva Ozelli

Meet The Cover Conservationist is a recurring SEVENSEAS feature that spotlights inspiring and influential people working at the forefront of ocean conservation.

Beyond the research papers, campaigns, and headlines, this series offers a more personal look at the people behind the work, exploring what drives them, challenges them, and keeps them hopeful for the future of our ocean. If there’s a conservationist you’d love to see featured on a future cover, we invite you to submit a short nomination (around 250 words) to info@sevenseasmedia.org. We receive many outstanding submissions, and while not all can be selected for publication, each is carefully considered.

Below you’ll find the merciless interrogation designed to give readers insight into our conservationist’s professional journey and the human side of life in ocean conservation. We only ask fearlessly candid, no-holds-barred questions, so get ready for a brutally honest, nail-biting interview.

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1. To get our readers acquainted, why don’t you tell us just a little about yourself, what motivates you and what you are working on.

Jacqueline: I’m a second-year master’s degree student in the University of Rhode Island’s Graduate School of Oceanography. My research focuses on water quality and aquaculture, specifically investigating how water quality and gear type affect oyster growth in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island. This work is driven by my interest to collaborate with oyster farmers and conduct research that benefits the aquaculture industry.

2. What was the moment or influence that first pulled you toward ocean conservation? Tell us about that.

Jacqueline: During college, I spent a summer along the coast of Maine assisting with lobster and scallop research projects. That experience showed me how closely science, industry, and coastal communities are connected. Working on the waterfront and interacting directly with fishermen helped me see that ocean conservation isn’t just about ecosystems; it’s also about supporting the people and livelihoods that depend on them.

3. Was there a specific place, species, experience, mentor, job, or challenge that shaped your career path?

Jacqueline: My first job after earning my bachelor’s degree was on Catalina Island, California, where I worked as a marine science instructor. It was a dynamic, adventurous, and rewarding job, one that continues to impact me today. I learned how to be an educator, communicate science, adapt quickly, and find the fun in challenging moments.

4. How do science and storytelling intersect in your work?

Jacqueline: The water quality dataset from my project helps oyster farmers understand seasonal trends in Narragansett Bay. By pairing quantitative data with observations from oyster farmers, we can tell a more complete story about what works, guide future research, and strengthen Rhode Island’s aquaculture industry through collaboration.

5. What’s one misconception people often have about your field?

Jacqueline: One common misconception people have about oceanography is that it entails just being out on a boat conducting field work. A lot of the work happens behind a computer, analyzing data, writing, securing funding, and collaborating across disciplines. It’s an ever-changing balance of field, lab, and desk work.

6. What part of your work feels most urgent today?

Jacqueline: Continued collaboration feels especially urgent, specifically uplifting the voices of industry members, such as oyster farmers, to identify research questions that are most relevant and impactful.

7. What achievement are you most proud of, even if few people know about it?

Jacqueline: I decided to apply to graduate school nine years after earning my undergraduate degree. Leaving the workforce and returning to student life was a big shift, and I’m proud to have taken that step. While I’m older than many of my peers, I wouldn’t change my timeline. Professional (and personal) growth isn’t linear, and there are infinite ways to get to where you want to go.

8. What keeps you going when conservation feels overwhelming?

Jacqueline: Being in graduate school, I’m surrounded by a large community of people who are deeply motivated. Being surrounded by that energy and commitment helps me stay focused, and reminds me that change is possible, even when progress feels slow.

9. What’s something the public rarely sees about how conservation really works?

Jacqueline: One thing the public rarely sees is just how complex and unpredictable conservation science can be. There are countless variables, including weather, mechanical issues, staffing, and funding, that we navigate every day. Carrying out research often means constantly adjusting and getting creative.

10. What’s one hard truth about ocean conservation we need to face?

Jacqueline: Climate change and environmental stressors disproportionately impact marginalized and coastal communities. Their voices and needs are often overlooked, yet they are on the frontlines of these challenges. Effective conservation requires listening to these communities, gathering their perspectives, and developing real solutions that will protect future generations.

11. What advice would you give your younger self entering this field?

Jacqueline: Everyone around you has something to teach you. Take the time to listen, ask questions, and build genuine connections.

12. Where do you realistically hope your work will be in 5 to 10 years?

Jacqueline: While my master’s research is ending, I hope that future research in Rhode Island continues to expand and support sustainable aquaculture. I’d love to see more state funding for projects that benefit both oysters and kelp, stronger partnerships between researchers and industry, and initiatives such as an experimental aquaculture farm.

13. What innovation excites you most in ocean conservation?

Jacqueline: I’m excited to see how aquaculture can become more “climate-ready.” For example, breeding or selecting oyster strains that are resilient to warming waters and ocean acidification could help farmers adapt to changing conditions.

14. Ocean sunrise or sunset? Any reason why?

Jacqueline: Sunrise, preferably viewed from a surfboard.

15. If you could be any marine animal, what would you be?

Jacqueline: Humpback whale. You can’t beat the ability to echolocate.

16. Coffee or tea (or what else?) in the field?

Jacqueline: Matcha latte.

17. Most unexpected or interesting place your work has taken you?

Jacqueline: I led marine conservation programs in the Dominican Republic for a summer. We partnered with local nonprofits on coral and mangrove restoration. It was interesting to see conservation happening in a different context. I loved learning about different approaches and realizing how much we can share and learn from one another across communities and countries.

18. One book, film, or documentary everyone should experience?

Jacqueline: Blue Planet 1 and 2.

19. What does a perfect day off look like?

Jacqueline: A bike ride to the beach, body surfing in warm summer waves, and low tide sea glass hunting.

20. One word you associate with the future of the ocean?

Jacqueline: Collaboration.

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• – Meet Dr Enrico Gennari, the January Cover Conservationist

Editor’s Note: Why We Are Featuring Iran Now

Iran is once again dominating headlines.

From widespread public demonstrations that surged across Iran in late 2025 into early this year, to the current escalation and the breaking of war, the country is being discussed globally in the context of politics, conflict, and human suffering. The loss of life and instability unfolding are real and devastating. Nothing in this feature is intended to diminish that reality.

But there is something else that often goes unspoken.

For years, inside and outside of environmental circles, people have quietly asked me a question. Sometimes with curiosity. Sometimes with hesitation. Sometimes almost with guilt.

“What is actually there?”

They were referring to biodiversity.

In today’s world, there is pressure to already know. When the breadth of human knowledge appears to sit at our fingertips, asking basic questions can feel uncomfortable. If a place overlaps with your professional field or your moral concern, you are expected to understand it fully.

Curiosity, however, should never carry shame.

At SEVENSEAS Media, we see questions as bridges. When a region becomes defined only by conflict, it becomes even more important to remember that it is also defined by landscapes, species, ecosystems, culture, and people who have lived in relationship with nature for millennia.

Iran is not only a geopolitical flashpoint. It is a country of vast mountain ranges, ancient forests, wetlands, deserts, coral communities, migratory flyways, and one of the most strategically significant marine corridors in the world. It sits at the intersection of terrestrial and marine biodiversity, connecting ecosystems across Central Asia, the Caucasus, the Arabian Peninsula, and the Indian Ocean.

It is home to coastal communities whose fishing traditions stretch back centuries, to wetlands that host migratory birds crossing continents, and to marine systems that sustain life far beyond their shorelines.

This feature has been in development for some time. In light of current events, we believe it is important to move forward thoughtfully and with care.

Education is not a distraction from suffering. It is part of long term resilience.

At SEVENSEAS Media, we promote education and peace across cultures and living in harmony with nature. We believe that understanding biodiversity can humanize places that are otherwise reduced to headlines. Conservation, at its best, transcends politics and builds shared responsibility for the natural world.

In the articles that follow, we explore the geography of Iran, its terrestrial biodiversity, its migratory importance, and its ocean and coastal ecosystems. We touch on traditional fishing cultures, current pressures, conservation challenges, and the organizations working to protect what remains.

As always, we are not here to simplify complexity. We are here to make space for informed curiosity and careful understanding.

In moments of conflict, it can feel easier to look away. We choose instead to look closer, and to recognize that ecological systems persist regardless of political borders.

This story is developing rapidly. Details may shift as the situation evolves. Last verified: March 3, 2026.

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The headlines are dominated by oil prices, geopolitical brinkmanship, and military escalation. But below the waterline of the Persian Gulf, a quieter catastrophe is taking shape, one that will outlast any ceasefire.

The Persian Gulf is not the barren petrochemical corridor that its reputation might suggest. It is a semi-enclosed sea of roughly 241,000 square kilometres, averaging just 35 metres in depth, connected to the wider Indian Ocean only through the 56-kilometre-wide Strait of Hormuz. Within this shallow, hypersaline basin lives a marine community that has adapted to conditions most ocean species could not survive: summer surface temperatures regularly exceeding 35°C, salinity levels above 45 PSU, and winter cooling that can plunge below 18°C. The organisms that thrive here are not merely surviving. They are demonstrating resilience strategies that climate scientists around the world are studying with increasing urgency.

Approximately 60 species of reef-building coral have been documented in the Gulf, including the endemic Acropora arabensis, found nowhere else on Earth. These corals withstand water temperatures of up to 36°C, well beyond the 32°C threshold that triggers bleaching in most tropical reefs. Researchers have increasingly turned to Persian Gulf coral populations as living laboratories for understanding how reef organisms might adapt to a warming planet. The Gulf also supports the world’s second-largest population of dugongs, after northern Australia, with an estimated 7,500 individuals grazing on seagrass beds along the coasts of Qatar, Bahrain, the UAE, and Saudi Arabia. Over 700 species of fish, populations of hawksbill and green sea turtles, Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins, whale sharks, and migratory seabird colonies all depend on this ecosystem.

The Immediate Threats

The environmental risks now facing this ecosystem are layered and compounding.

Oil contamination is the most visible concern. At least three commercial tankers have been struck by projectiles, with one confirmed ablaze and producing thick plumes of black smoke near Omani waters. A burning tanker does not simply release crude oil; it generates a toxic cocktail of partially combusted hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and particulate matter that settles across surrounding waters. With more than 150 laden tankers now anchored in open Gulf waters, the risk of collision, grounding, or further military targeting grows with each passing day. The shallow depth of the Gulf, averaging just 36 metres, means that spilled oil reaches the seafloor and coastal habitats far more quickly than in open ocean environments.

The sinking of at least nine Iranian warships introduces a different category of pollution. Sunken military vessels carry bunker fuel, hydraulic oils, lubricants, and munitions, all of which corrode and leach into surrounding waters over years and decades. A 2023 IUCN brief estimated that globally, over 8,500 shipwrecks are at risk of leaking approximately six billion gallons of oil. The Persian Gulf’s warm, shallow conditions accelerate corrosion, meaning these newly sunken warships could begin releasing contaminants faster than wrecks in colder, deeper waters.

Underwater noise pollution from military operations, including sonar, detonations, and sustained engine activity from hundreds of anchored vessels, adds biological stress. Marine mammals such as dugongs and dolphins rely on acoustic communication for feeding, mating, and navigation. Prolonged noise disruption can displace populations from critical habitats, with consequences that persist long after the sound stops.

Reports of potential mine-laying by Iranian forces introduce yet another dimension. Naval mines are indiscriminate by design; they threaten not only vessels but also the seabed itself, disturbing sediment and destroying benthic habitats when detonated. GPS jamming, confirmed across the region, increases the likelihood of navigational accidents among the hundreds of ships now attempting to shelter in place.

History’s Warning

The Persian Gulf carries the scars of previous conflicts. During the 1991 Gulf War, an estimated 4 to 11 million barrels of crude oil were deliberately released into its waters, covering more than 600 kilometres of Saudi coastline. Research conducted by Jacqueline Michel in 2010 found that oil had penetrated up to 50 centimetres into Gulf sediments and remained detectable 12 years after the spill. A 2017 study by Joydas et al. found “alarming levels” of hydrocarbons persisting in secluded bay areas more than 25 years later. While fish and bird populations showed encouraging recovery by 1994, the long-term contamination of sediments and coastal habitats tells a more complicated story.

The Gulf ecosystem did recover from 1991, a testament to its remarkable resilience. But it recovered into a world with fewer stressors. Today, the same ecosystem faces compounding pressures from coastal development, desalination plant discharge, climate-driven temperature extremes, and chronic oil pollution from routine shipping. A 2024 review published in Marine Pollution Bulletin found that 63.5% of the Gulf’s key habitats and species remain “data-deficient,” while 21.2% show documented decline. The margin for absorbing another major environmental shock has narrowed considerably.

What Comes Next

The environmental consequences of this crisis will not be determined by the conflict’s duration alone, but by what happens when it ends. After 1991, clean-up efforts focused almost exclusively on oil recovery from the water’s surface, while coastal habitats were largely neglected. If history offers any instruction, it is that the environmental response must begin alongside the military and diplomatic response, not after it.

International bodies, including the Regional Organization for the Protection of the Marine Environment (ROPME) and the International Maritime Organization, will need to coordinate rapid environmental assessment once conditions allow. Monitoring of coral communities, seagrass beds, and dugong populations should be prioritized, alongside sediment sampling near tanker anchorage sites and sunken vessel locations.

The Persian Gulf’s marine life has survived environmental extremes that would have destroyed ecosystems elsewhere. It has endured the largest deliberate oil spill in history and emerged, battered but functional. Whether it can absorb another round of military trauma on top of everything the 21st century has already thrown at it is a question that marine scientists are watching with deep concern, and one that the rest of us should be paying attention to as well.

Written by: Junior Thanong Aiamkhophueng

Attribution: This article draws on marine biodiversity research published in Marine Pollution Bulletin (2024) on habitat status across the Persian Gulf; peer-reviewed ecological analysis from PMC on critical research needs for Gulf coral reef ecosystems (Feary et al., 2014); EBSCO Research’s overview of the Persian Gulf ecosystem including dugong populations and endemic coral species; the IUCN’s 2023 issues brief on marine pollution from sunken vessels; ScienceDirect review of habitat and organism status across six Gulf countries; gCaptain and Windward Maritime Intelligence reporting on vessel attacks and anchorage patterns; France 24 and Al Jazeera coverage of mine-laying risks and GPS jamming; historical oil spill research by Jacqueline Michel (2010) on sediment penetration and Joydas et al. (2017) on long-term hydrocarbon persistence; CNN’s 2010 retrospective on 1991 Gulf War oil spill recovery; Wikipedia’s compiled entry on the Gulf War oil spill; and Maritime Education’s profile of Persian Gulf marine habitats and biodiversity. Persian Gulf coral reef satellite image by NASA Earth Observatory. For further reading, visit the IUCN Marine Programme, the Regional Organization for the Protection of the Marine Environment (ROPME), and NASA Earth Observatory.