Ocean Literacy
A Group of Grade Nine Students in Norway Exploring Ideas for Underwater Discovery
Editor’s Note:
At SEVENSEAS, we believe curiosity and early engagement with science and exploration are essential to the future of ocean research and discovery. Encouraging young minds to think critically about real world challenges, whether ecological, cultural, or technological, is something we value deeply, especially within an international context.
The work shared below comes from a team of Grade Nine students from the International School of Bergen in Norway. Developed as part of their participation in the First Lego League and the Scandinavian Innovation Awards, their project explores one of the challenges associated with underwater archaeology, how artifacts can be protected from oxidation during recovery from the marine environment.
We have been working with them over a few months and are happy to share their ideas and enthusiasm with our global audience. This short article presents the student-led concept and learning exercise and is published to highlight youth engagement, international collaboration, and creative problem solving. It is not intended as an evaluation or validation of the technical feasibility of the approach.
We invite readers to take a look at what this team has created, and we wish them, along with students everywhere who are engaging with science, engineering, and the ocean, continued curiosity, inspiration, and success.

Our team, Eivinds Discipler, consists of 13 enthusiastic and hardworking grade 9 students from the International School of Bergen (Norway). 5 of us will attend to present our innovative solution in the finals of the Scandinavian innovation award in February 2026.
What makes us special is we represent 6 different nationalities from across the globe, we all have different hobbies outside of school, we speak multiple and different languages at home, we practice different traditions, yet we all share one thing in common: our big passion for STEAM, First Lego League, and our desire to make a real impact in the world with our innovation project.
We began with a First Lego League unit in September, as part of the yearly grade 9 curriculum in science and design. Now, 6 months later, although we no longer have First Lego League as part of our curriculum, we will be going to Oslo to participate in the Scandinavian Innovation Awards. We are a class team of both girls and boys, and we have worked both in and out of school to make our ideas come to life. Some classmates have been in our class for many years, and others have joined recently— but despite that, we all work together and use our unique experiences and knowledge to bring forward new ideas with different perspectives.

The First Lego League competition is hosted globally every year. Its goal is to encourage young generations to invent innovative solutions for global problems. In the year of 2025, the field First Lego League believed was the most relevant was Archaeology (Unearthed).
Archeology is an upcoming topic in 2025/2026 as we depend on it to understand how the world works today. Archaeology is practiced depending on context and by finding problems within our contexts, we work to come up with solutions that can improve lives for the future generations.
We dug deeper on a problem more specific to our area, and could be applied globally. In Norway, a significant amount of artifacts are found in the ocean due to it being a big resource for Norwegian society and culture. By studying how oxidation occurs and reviewing how artifacts are usually handled, we have identified a clear need for a solution providing protection from oxidation of artifacts after being brought up from the ocean. A successful solution will help preserve the condition of artifacts, support accurate scientific analysis, and preserve our culture and history for the generations to come.
When artifacts or pieces of historical structures are removed from the ocean, they are immediately exposed to oxygen. This exposure can cause a chemical reaction that weakens, corrodes, or damages the artifacts within a very short period of time, especially since the salt in seawater speeds up the reaction. If they become damaged during collection, then important historical and cultural information can be lost forever.
Our solution to the chosen problem is the OxyBox+OxiGel. The OxyBox’s frame structure (customizable size) of stainless steel makes the OxyBox heavy enough to withstand currents and pressure and resist rust. The rectangular box has three compartments: two boxes on the side and one in the middle. The middle compartment is twice the size of a singular side compartment. When an underwater site is discovered, divers take the box down to lift artifacts.
To prepare the box beforehand, labs fill the two side compartments with the second part of our innovation: the OxiGel. The gel consists of: beeswax-based oleogel (beeswax + natural oil + clay) ( C₃₀H₆₂O₂ + Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄), montmorillonite- thickened plant oil gel, (C₁₈H₃₄O₂ + Al₂Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂) and natural rubber latex (once cured) (C₅H₈) . The OxiGel’s purpose is to surround the artifact and provide it with a protective environment, free of oxygen. Inside the side compartments, there are rotary agitators powered by rechargeable batteries to prevent the gel from stiffening.

During action, the box is closed by sliding doors on the top of the side compartments and the top + bottom of the middle compartment. On each side of the box there are wires linked to a boat to keep it stable, which will lower/lift the box into and out of the sea.
The box is submerged to the ideal height without touching the seabed, careful not to ruin corals and disturb other marine life. Once the OxyBox is lowered, divers follow the box and place the artifact inside the open middle compartment now filled with seawater.
Divers manually close the sliding doors. A thin layer of soft plastic surrounds the sides of the middle compartment to ensure that the artifact cannot be damaged during retrieval.
Using water pressure and valves, the gel from the side compartments is pushed into the middle compartment from the bottom. The side compartments previously filled with gel are now filled with water through water pressure. When the gel is pushed to the middle compartment from the bottom, it pushes with such force that the water gets forced out through the valves on the top of the box. The gel will not mix with water due to its components.

The gel should be surrounding the artifact in the middle compartment, and since the gel is not in constant movement, it will start to harden into a silicone-like texture. The gel is incredibly important as it blocks oxygen and actively removes salt from the seawater. When the gel has been pumped and the box is closed, it’s lifted up by the wire. At the bottom of the middle compartment, there are, as mentioned, sliding doors, which are specifically for easy removal of the artifact.
Due to the artifact being previously placed on the bottom of the box, it’s easy to access when you open the underside trapdoor, plus the gel is non-sticky so it’s a simple removal. The designing and research process ensures that the OxyBox + OxiGel is sustainable, reliable, and affordable.

During the process, we had to think deeply about possible issues that could occur before, during, and after transportation; not only when it came to designing the solution, but also researching small factors like materials, sustainability, and market research.
Because the OxyBox can be refilled, it will be significantly cheaper and more sustainable. It is also considerably cheaper and simpler compared to current solutions such as electrolytic reduction, and freeze drying. Other factors decrease the cost: motors, cameras, remote-controlled parts and lights, which our original design of the OxyBox had but currently does not.
Another factor we focused on was divers. Divers can go down 30-40m deep without it being harmful. We learnt that artifacts in Norwegian waters range from shallow to the deepest oceans. Therefore, there are realistically many artefacts which can be preserved within 0-40 metres deep, making the OxyBox realistic.
With the help of artificial intelligence, looking at shipping locations and different sources, we found the price for our solution if we were to start producing it. In addition, we searched every item individually to ensure our estimate is correct. The estimated price is 20 000 NOK(= 1 970 USD) for structure, including pumps, agitators, batteries, valves, and gel. Gel refills cost approximately 500 – 1 000 NOK (= 50 – 100 USD). Overall, these factors make our solution safe and economically feasible, accessible, and adaptable to work around the world.

One of the current methods of preventing underwater oxidation is placing an artifact in a box of seawater. Once brought to the surface, it’s transported to labs where conservators begin treatments such as desalination, chemical stabilisation, and controlled drying. While these methods are valid, artifacts are not safe from oxidation or physical damage before they reach the lab.
Exposure to oxygen during transfer speeds deterioration, and temporary storage methods provide only limited protection. Our solution changes this process by ensuring immediate preservation at the point of recovery. Instead of waiting until the artifact reaches the laboratory, the box allows divers to protect it starting underwater. When the artifact is placed inside, the OxiGel is pumped in to replace the water surrounding the artifact. This prevents contact with oxygen and creates a soft, stable environment for transport. By this process, our solutions effectively preserve artifacts through the entire journey.
We shared our findings with professionals who were clearly aware of the issue and looked at our solution, confirming it could have a real life impact and were open to future solutions to solve the problem. Our solution will improve archaeologists’ work, which impacts us as a society.
Our approach improves existing solutions by combining protection with secure transport and making it reusable. Together, these features will provide archeologists with a reliable solution, far more effective than traditional methods, and will shape the future of underwater archeology. Artifacts and historical findings help us understand who we are today and prevent problems in the future. They give us an insight on the lives of previous generations, helping us visualise how communities in the past worked, which teaches us how we can develop as a society today.
Written by: Julia Søraas Meidell and Eva Marianna Mohn.
Issue 132 - May 2026
SeaKeepers Welcomes Dr. Mark Luther as First Scientist Chairman, Marking a New Era for Ocean Research
The International SeaKeepers Society marks a historic milestone, appointing Dr. Mark Luther of the University of South Florida as its first scientist Chairman, succeeding Jay Wade and signaling a deeper scientific chapter for the yachting-led conservation organization.

April 10, 2026. The Board of Directors of The International SeaKeepers Society has announced a leadership transition, extending its deepest gratitude to outgoing Chairman Jay Wade and welcoming Dr. Mark Luther as the organization’s first scientist Chairman, a historic milestone for the ocean conservation NGO.
During his tenure, Jay Wade provided steady, thoughtful leadership, guiding the organization through a period of growth while remaining anchored in SeaKeepers’ mission to advance oceanographic research, conservation, and marine education. A passionate advocate for the yachting and boating community, Wade championed a vision of transforming private vessels into platforms for scientific discovery, expanding the organization’s global reach and strengthening its role as a bridge between ocean science and the maritime industry.
A first scientist Chairman for SeaKeepers
Dr. Mark Luther brings decades of expertise in physical oceanography and maritime systems, alongside a lifelong connection to the water. He earned his Ph.D. in Physical Oceanography from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and currently serves as Professor and Director of the Center for Maritime and Port Studies at the University of South Florida’s College of Marine Science.
With over 30 years of experience supporting oceanographic observation systems, including longstanding work with NOAA’s Tampa Bay Physical Oceanographic Real-Time System, Dr. Luther has been at the forefront of integrating science with real-world maritime operations. His leadership extends across key regional and federal committees, where he collaborates closely with the U.S. Coast Guard, port authorities, and maritime stakeholders to address environmental challenges tied to marine transportation.
A dedicated member of the SeaKeepers community, Dr. Luther has served as Chair of the organization’s Scientific Advisory Council, helping to guide and elevate its scientific initiatives. He is also an avid boater and U.S. Coast Guard-licensed captain, having spent more than four decades navigating the waters of Tampa Bay and Florida’s west coast.
“With years of dedicated service to SeaKeepers, Mark brings a deep understanding of our mission to this role. It is exciting to see him step into the position of Chairman and help guide the organization forward.”
Jay Wade, outgoing Chairman, The International SeaKeepers Society
Dr. Luther’s appointment signals an exciting new chapter for SeaKeepers, one that deepens the organization’s scientific leadership while continuing to engage the global fleet in meaningful ocean research, education, and conservation.
About The International SeaKeepers Society. The International SeaKeepers Society works with the yachting community to take part in research, conservation, and educational efforts that advance the health of the ocean. Learn more at seakeepers.org or @seakeepers on social.
Adapted from a press release issued by The International SeaKeepers Society on April 10, 2026.
Issue 132 - May 2026
Falmouth Harbour Trials the World’s First All-Concrete Pontoon Float to Replace EPS in Marinas
Falmouth Harbour is trialling the world’s first all-concrete marina pontoon, designed by Cornwall-based ScaffFloat, as a recyclable alternative to Expanded Polystyrene floats and a step toward cutting marine microplastic pollution.
Falmouth, Cornwall, UK. Falmouth Harbour is trialling the world’s first all-concrete marina pontoon float, designed and built by the team at ScaffFloat in neighbouring Penryn, in a first step to removing all Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) floats from its leisure and commercial operations.
The Harbour has pledged to move away from EPS products in the light of mounting evidence that polystyrene microplastics in the world’s oceans inflict serious damage on the marine environment and life within it. Polystyrene, globally used for its lightness and buoyancy, is made from fossil fuels, is virtually un-decomposable, and when it breaks down into microplastics can be ingested by marine life with devastating consequences.
“The amount of broken-up polystyrene around our creeks and rivers, particularly after this year’s storms, is awful to see and very hard to clean up without damaging the delicate ecology of our shorelines. Expanded Polystyrene fragments in the marine environment pose a serious ecological concern, as seabirds, fish, turtles and other fauna mistake EPS beads for food, which can cause internal injuries or death; entering the food chain poses health risks to humans as well.”
Vicki Spooner, Environment Manager, Falmouth Harbour
Inside the Reef Float: an inert, recyclable alternative to EPS
Penryn marine company ScaffFloat Ltd has tackled the challenge of finding alternatives to traditional pontoons by inventing the “Reef Float.” Their first commercial prototype, made entirely from concrete, has been undergoing trials beneath a Falmouth Harbour pontoon. ScaffFloat developed the new product as part of a business development project that received £284,787 from the UK Government through the UK Shared Prosperity Fund as part of Cornwall’s Good Growth Programme.
The Reef Float’s buoyant core is made using ultra-low-density waterproof concrete, instead of EPS foam, and the core is then cast inside a high-strength engineered concrete skin. In the highly unlikely event that a Reef Float ever failed, the materials would simply sit inertly as stone in the marine environment, whereas a cracked-open EPS float exposes its polystyrene foam core to the marine elements.
“We replaced a failing EPS pontoon float at Falmouth Harbour with a Reef Float, where it survived all that this January’s storms could throw at it. It’s what we would expect, of course, as we’ve designed it to be strong with an ultra-long life. But it’s also completely inert in the marine environment and 100 percent recyclable, so a game-changing alternative to the EPS floats currently used all over the world.”
Toby Budd, Founder and Managing Director, ScaffFloat
Local innovation, global stage
Local MP Jayne Kirkham, checking out the new Reef Float in Falmouth, called it “exactly the kind of innovation we want to see in Cornwall: local businesses developing practical but cutting-edge solutions to global environmental challenges. Cutting polystyrene pollution from our waters while creating skilled jobs is a win for our marine environment and our economy. I’m proud to see government funding helping projects like this lead the way.”
“Falmouth Harbour has made the conscious decision to move away from EPS foam pontoons in all our operations, and it’s fantastic that our neighbours at ScaffFloat are the first company to offer a plastic-free alternative. Reef Floats are easily installed, in situ, on a rolling basis, as and when we need to replace old EPS floats, and they have a zero-cost, 100 percent recyclable end-of-life disposal. It’s another tremendous example of Cornish ingenuity, and we look forward to working with them into the future.”
Miles Carden, CEO, Falmouth Harbour
The Reef Float team has been shortlisted for the Innovation Award at Marina26 in Australia this May, with an invitation to attend and present at the biggest marina conference in the world, demonstrating what a major issue EPS has become for the marina industry and legislative authorities alike.
Australia itself lost more than 1,000 pontoons in the 2022 Queensland floods, where they broke up and created an environmental disaster known as the “White Spill,” with the ocean and beaches covered with EPS balls that were almost impossible to clear up.
Learn more. For more information on Reef Float and parent company ScaffFloat, visit scafffloat.co.uk/reeffloat. For more on Falmouth Harbour, including its wide-ranging environmental initiatives, see falmouthharbour.co.uk.
Adapted from a press release issued by Louise Midgley Communications, on behalf of ScaffFloat and Falmouth Harbour.
Conservation Photography
Little Cayman Hope Spot Shows Early Signs of Reef Recovery After the World’s Most Extreme Coral Bleaching Event
CCMI’s 2025 Healthy Reefs Report Card shows Little Cayman’s coral cover edging back to 13.4 percent, an early but unmistakable sign that the island’s reefs are beginning to recover from the world’s most extreme coral bleaching event.
Little Cayman, Cayman Islands. Marking Earth Day 2026, the Central Caribbean Marine Institute (CCMI) released its 2025 Healthy Reefs Report Card, revealing early signs of recovery and renewed hope for Little Cayman’s reefs after the most extreme coral bleaching event on record in 2023.
The summer of 2023 was the hottest ever measured, and it brought with it one of the most extensive global coral bleaching events in modern history, decimating reefs from the Caribbean to the Indo-Pacific and casting their future in doubt. CCMI’s Healthy Reefs campaign has tracked Little Cayman’s reefs since 1998, and the 2024 surveys delivered the bleakest numbers in the program’s history: coral cover had collapsed to 9.8 percent, down from 26 percent before the marine heatwave.
This year’s data tells a different story. The 2025 surveys, summarized in the new Report Card, show coral cover edging back up to 13.4 percent. The shift is not yet statistically significant, but the direction is unmistakable: recovery in Little Cayman has begun.
A site-by-site picture
Zoom in from the island-wide average and the recovery looks more layered. Twenty percent of surveyed sites posted a significant increase in coral cover between 2024 and 2025. One site, Coral City, held the line entirely through the bleaching, exhibiting no significant loss. In total, 30 percent of sites have either maintained pre-bleaching coral levels or demonstrated significant recovery this year. The remaining 70 percent show either minor, non-significant recovery or no recovery at all.
Reef recovery is rarely visible on a 12 to 24 month horizon. Corals are slow-growing animals, and even after a disturbance ends, biologists typically expect at least three years before measurable rebound, and a minimum of seven years (sometimes nearly thirty) for a reef to return to pre-bleaching baselines. Against that timeline, what CCMI is recording in 2025 is striking: the resilience built into Little Cayman, with strong protections and minimal local disturbance, appears to be doing exactly what reef science predicts it should do.
Fish populations holding the line
While coral cover is still climbing back, fish populations have continued to thrive. CCMI has documented consistent increases in fish density since 2016, with a dramatic jump in density and biomass in 2024 that held through 2025. That matters more than it might sound: herbivorous fish keep macro-algae in check, and when algae is left unchecked it can smother corals and block new recruits from settling. A healthy reef-fish community is, in many ways, what makes coral recovery possible at all.
A Hope Spot earning its name
Little Cayman is a Mission Blue Hope Spot, a designation that frames the island as a small-but-mighty example of what marine protection can look like when conservation is prioritized. Under the pressures the ocean is now under, that framing reads less like marketing copy and more like a working hypothesis the reef is steadily proving out.
The island has form here. Little Cayman’s Nassau grouper spawning aggregation rebounded from roughly 1,000 individuals to nearly 9,000 over a decade, one of the most cited recovery stories in the Caribbean. The early coral signal in the 2025 Report Card could become another chapter in that record.
The nursery, and three resilient genotypes
CCMI’s coral nursery was hit hard during the 2023 bleaching, losing close to 90 percent of its stock. Genetic work in the aftermath identified three staghorn coral genotypes that survived nearly 20 degree-heating weeks. Since 2023, those three genotypes have rebuilt the nursery from just 17 fragments to nearly 300 as of March 2026. CCMI’s nursery likely represents one of the last remaining populations of the critically endangered staghorn coral, Acropora cervicornis, in Little Cayman.
Why this matters beyond Little Cayman
Hope Spots like Little Cayman do not just protect their own waters. They function as larval source populations, exporting recruits along ocean currents to less resilient reefs downstream. In a warming ocean where many sites have lost their capacity to bounce back unaided, these pockets of resilience are increasingly the difference between regional collapse and regional recovery.
The 2025 numbers do not erase what 2023 took. Coral cover is still well below pre-heatwave levels, and the recovery is partial, uneven, and fragile. But for the first time since the bleaching, the trendline is pointing in the right direction. As CCMI puts it, research and science-based actions are critical right now to understand the ecological processes driving this resilience and to translate that understanding into management and protection.
Acknowledgments
CCMI thanks this year’s Healthy Reefs sponsors: Wheaton Precious Metals International, Foster’s Supermarket, Cayman Water, and Ugland Properties; and the Restoration program sponsors who made the work possible: The Ernest Kleinwort Charitable Trust, Artex Cayman Islands, Walkers, and Marfire.
Read the full 2025 Healthy Reefs Report Card at tinyurl.com/CCMI-25HRR and learn more about the Healthy Reefs campaign at reefresearch.org/our-work/research/healthy-reefs/.
Adapted from a press release issued by the Central Caribbean Marine Institute (CCMI), April 22, 2026. Photo credit: CCMI.
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