News
Horseshoe Crab and Shorebirds in Delaware Bay New Jersey
The Delaware Bay, 39.1202° N, 75.2479° W, is an estuary and outlet from the Delaware River. This bay is bordered by Delaware and New Jersey in the United States. The bay in total boasts 782 square miles (2031 km2) and is an important place for both rich and natural coastal flora and fauna. It is known, in particular, for its concentrations of migratory Arctic shorebirds and its beaches where horseshoe crabs lay their eggs.

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In 2015, there were 95 million visitors to New Jersey, 12.5 million of those visitors went to Cape May County. Out of those 12.5 million, 24.8% visited Cape May County for nature-based tourism and 11.3% specifically for birding tourism.
Currently, in Cape May County, there are 6 protected areas of all different sizes and classifications.
The Delaware bays beaches are crucial feeding grounds for many migratory shorebirds, including the endangered Red Knot subspecies, Calidris canutus rufa, and the Semipalmated Sandpiper, Calidris pusilla. On their spring migration to the Canadian Arctic, these birds rely on eating horseshoe crab eggs for fuel. The horseshoe crab, Limulidae Polyphemus, is a marine invertebrate “fossil” that’s existed for 450 million years. Traditionally, the species has been used by people as fishing bait and fertilizer.
Today the harvest of horseshoe crabs is being abused. One of the main reasons is for their extremely valuable blood. The “blue blood” of horseshoe crabs contains a chemical called limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL). This chemical is used in the biomedical industry to test for the presence of endotoxins or bacteria in intravenous systems and medical equipment. Although the pharmaceutical industry is interested to keep their valuable resource alive and bring the crabs after milking one third of their blood back to the sea, about 15% don’t survive this procedure.
The populations of horseshoe crab were at their lowest when “blue blood” harvesting became prominent. Population data was not existent prior to 1990. Conserving this species and their habitats is crucial for the success of Cape May nature and birding-based tourism. Both nature-tourism and the well-being of the bay are inherently linked together.
Human interaction, harvesting, and natural disasters (Hurricaine Sandy) stress the population of this species. When the horseshoe crab population drops in this region, there is a direct link to lower shorebird populations.
Supported by beach and historical tourism, the region brings in the most revenue May through August. In recent years, this season has nearly tripled in length because of birding; the 3.5 month time-span has grown into a 10 month season. For example, last Fall, the Cape May Hawk Watch Observatory Tower brought in 25,000 people, both tourists and locals alike, and over 100,000 people for the year. The Fall months seem to be more active than the Spring months.
Whether it be the numerous birding events, staging times of migratory shorebirds, or horseshoe crabs laying their eggs, birders are travelling from all around the world to see these phenomena. There were no bird-based focal points in the township prior to 1976, now, there is a re-brand happening for Cape May emphasizing the birds, the birding community, and conservation of the bay.

Why is your case a good example of linking tourism and conservation?
Political/Management: Primarily financed through grants, the NJ Audubon in Cape May is researching shorebirds around the Delaware Bay. The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) has also invested its recourses to study shorebirds and has prohibited the harvest of horseshoe crabs and horseshoe crab eggs; this is the only location in the world that completely restricts their harvest.
For 20 years, Conserve Wildlife and the Endangered and Nongame Species Program (ENSP) of the NJ Department of Environmental Protection Divisionhave been researching how declining shorebird populations are directly linked to the Delaware Bay. Conserve Wildlife has also been restoring the bay since Hurricane Sandy to make a more suitable habitat for horseshoe crabs and shorebirds once again.
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has granted resources to Stockton University, partnering with other organizations, to remove lost and abandoned crab traps in the bay. These traps are capturing and killing wildlife. Approximately 800 traps have been recovered thus far.
The NJ Wetlands Institute, NJ Fish & Wildlife, Conserve Wildlife NJ, and Celebrate the Delaware Bay, along with other organizations, are protecting and rescuing horseshoe crabs in an effort called reTurn the Favor to strengthen the population.
Financial: The NJ Audubon is committed to NJ shorebirds. The organization is located 2.5 miles (4 kilometers) away from the Delaware Bay, in Cape May. The NJ Audubon offers classes, summer camps, and events. Most of their revenue is brought in during the summer months including May and September. These months are when local tourism is at its peak, through beach tourism, shopping, dining, cultural attractions, outdoor recreation, and birding tourism alike.
In 2006, there was a study. Data showed that birding-based tourism and birding-based activities brought an extra $600 million into Cape May County. Whether it be people needing to eat in restaurants, people needing to sleep in hotels, or activity participation, birders are contributing ample amounts of money into the local economy through the economic leakage of their home regions. A portion of that income is going toward the conservation of the bay, toward protecting new areas, and toward research.
Educational: reTurn the Favor is dedicated to educating the public on the Delaware’s threatened horseshoe crab population.
The director of the NJ Audubon Sanctuary, leads an entire building devoted toward education. The initiative is focused on educating people on why conservation of the bay is crucial. They showcase the NJ Audubon’s research and are in coalition with the Delaware River Shed. The center also facilitates night-walks, harbor safaris, and summer camps for children.
The World Series of Birding is a weekend-long event conducted by the NJ Audubon. This brings birders together from around the world to compete while bringing awareness to birding and educating the public. The competitor’s goal is to observe the most bird species within the few days.

Are there plans to further improve your example of tourism supporting conservation in the future?
Continuing with intentions to educate, research, and help horseshoe crab populations, there is no sign of stopping conservation. Events are growing, more people are travelling to Cape May County, and the birding industry is taking off. Cape May is among the top three birding destinations in the world. The cultural landscape of Cape May County is being supported by tourism.
There are many NGO’s that are currently working toward the conservation of the Delaware Bay by involving tourism. Pennsylvania has a large hub of Cape May birding enthusiasts that support its conservation through donations and volunteerism. The Pennsylvania Delaware Valley Ornithological Club makes trips to Cape May on an annual basis.

Right next to Sunset Beach, the states most southern point where many people congregate to watch the sunset, a new protected area in being planned. Where there once was a war-time magnesite plant, officials are researching and developing the 125-acre (0.51 km2) plot of land as a bird haven right along the beach.The state is spending millions of dollars on making trails for birders and tourists with hides for observing seabirds without disturbing them. Currently, a pre-construction bird survey is taking place to see what species are currently here, to see what can be done to improve conditions, and to see what can be done to attract more birds.
How could your example be transferred to other protected areas and how could your experience be shared with others?
Other regions could benefit from integrating Cape May’s example. A few Asian countries are home to other subspecies of horseshoe crab; Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda, Tachypleus tridentatus and Tachypleus gigasare the most predominant in these areas. They exist here, but, their populations are being threatened by overharvesting as well. Developing partnership programs and inviting decision-makers to Cape May could provide an opportunity to help sustain this ancient species and other species that depend on them.
Exposure to what’s going on is crucial; showing people how important the Delaware Bay is to birding and how powerful birding tourism is. If one does not know of their importance, or their interconnectivity, they are less likely to vote in their favor.
Continuing to promote birding tourism and the bay would be a great way one could further strengthen the bond that links them. It all starts there. The bigger the audience, the more travelers will come. This will encourage the county and businesses to put their recourses toward conservation.
Between, summer programs, tours, and fundraising events, night walks, bonfires, and weekend-long sporting events, Cape May County has made use of its local, unique, bayside beaches. Documentaries have been made about the importance of conserving the area; Birds of May and books have been written.
Educating, while putting research practices into action, may be the most important part of linking Cape May’s tourism with conservation. Between the resources made accessible, keeping people off the beaches while the horseshoe crabs are laying their eggs, and keeping a close eye on the ecosystem, there has been an example made that other protected areas can integrate.
This LT&C-Example is authored by Mike Brock. For more information contact him by email: xmikebrock@gmail.com
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Issue 132 - May 2026
SeaKeepers Welcomes Dr. Mark Luther as First Scientist Chairman, Marking a New Era for Ocean Research
The International SeaKeepers Society marks a historic milestone, appointing Dr. Mark Luther of the University of South Florida as its first scientist Chairman, succeeding Jay Wade and signaling a deeper scientific chapter for the yachting-led conservation organization.

April 10, 2026. The Board of Directors of The International SeaKeepers Society has announced a leadership transition, extending its deepest gratitude to outgoing Chairman Jay Wade and welcoming Dr. Mark Luther as the organization’s first scientist Chairman, a historic milestone for the ocean conservation NGO.
During his tenure, Jay Wade provided steady, thoughtful leadership, guiding the organization through a period of growth while remaining anchored in SeaKeepers’ mission to advance oceanographic research, conservation, and marine education. A passionate advocate for the yachting and boating community, Wade championed a vision of transforming private vessels into platforms for scientific discovery, expanding the organization’s global reach and strengthening its role as a bridge between ocean science and the maritime industry.
A first scientist Chairman for SeaKeepers
Dr. Mark Luther brings decades of expertise in physical oceanography and maritime systems, alongside a lifelong connection to the water. He earned his Ph.D. in Physical Oceanography from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and currently serves as Professor and Director of the Center for Maritime and Port Studies at the University of South Florida’s College of Marine Science.
With over 30 years of experience supporting oceanographic observation systems, including longstanding work with NOAA’s Tampa Bay Physical Oceanographic Real-Time System, Dr. Luther has been at the forefront of integrating science with real-world maritime operations. His leadership extends across key regional and federal committees, where he collaborates closely with the U.S. Coast Guard, port authorities, and maritime stakeholders to address environmental challenges tied to marine transportation.
A dedicated member of the SeaKeepers community, Dr. Luther has served as Chair of the organization’s Scientific Advisory Council, helping to guide and elevate its scientific initiatives. He is also an avid boater and U.S. Coast Guard-licensed captain, having spent more than four decades navigating the waters of Tampa Bay and Florida’s west coast.
“With years of dedicated service to SeaKeepers, Mark brings a deep understanding of our mission to this role. It is exciting to see him step into the position of Chairman and help guide the organization forward.”
Jay Wade, outgoing Chairman, The International SeaKeepers Society
Dr. Luther’s appointment signals an exciting new chapter for SeaKeepers, one that deepens the organization’s scientific leadership while continuing to engage the global fleet in meaningful ocean research, education, and conservation.
About The International SeaKeepers Society. The International SeaKeepers Society works with the yachting community to take part in research, conservation, and educational efforts that advance the health of the ocean. Learn more at seakeepers.org or @seakeepers on social.
Adapted from a press release issued by The International SeaKeepers Society on April 10, 2026.
Issue 132 - May 2026
Falmouth Harbour Trials the World’s First All-Concrete Pontoon Float to Replace EPS in Marinas
Falmouth Harbour is trialling the world’s first all-concrete marina pontoon, designed by Cornwall-based ScaffFloat, as a recyclable alternative to Expanded Polystyrene floats and a step toward cutting marine microplastic pollution.
Falmouth, Cornwall, UK. Falmouth Harbour is trialling the world’s first all-concrete marina pontoon float, designed and built by the team at ScaffFloat in neighbouring Penryn, in a first step to removing all Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) floats from its leisure and commercial operations.
The Harbour has pledged to move away from EPS products in the light of mounting evidence that polystyrene microplastics in the world’s oceans inflict serious damage on the marine environment and life within it. Polystyrene, globally used for its lightness and buoyancy, is made from fossil fuels, is virtually un-decomposable, and when it breaks down into microplastics can be ingested by marine life with devastating consequences.
“The amount of broken-up polystyrene around our creeks and rivers, particularly after this year’s storms, is awful to see and very hard to clean up without damaging the delicate ecology of our shorelines. Expanded Polystyrene fragments in the marine environment pose a serious ecological concern, as seabirds, fish, turtles and other fauna mistake EPS beads for food, which can cause internal injuries or death; entering the food chain poses health risks to humans as well.”
Vicki Spooner, Environment Manager, Falmouth Harbour
Inside the Reef Float: an inert, recyclable alternative to EPS
Penryn marine company ScaffFloat Ltd has tackled the challenge of finding alternatives to traditional pontoons by inventing the “Reef Float.” Their first commercial prototype, made entirely from concrete, has been undergoing trials beneath a Falmouth Harbour pontoon. ScaffFloat developed the new product as part of a business development project that received £284,787 from the UK Government through the UK Shared Prosperity Fund as part of Cornwall’s Good Growth Programme.
The Reef Float’s buoyant core is made using ultra-low-density waterproof concrete, instead of EPS foam, and the core is then cast inside a high-strength engineered concrete skin. In the highly unlikely event that a Reef Float ever failed, the materials would simply sit inertly as stone in the marine environment, whereas a cracked-open EPS float exposes its polystyrene foam core to the marine elements.
“We replaced a failing EPS pontoon float at Falmouth Harbour with a Reef Float, where it survived all that this January’s storms could throw at it. It’s what we would expect, of course, as we’ve designed it to be strong with an ultra-long life. But it’s also completely inert in the marine environment and 100 percent recyclable, so a game-changing alternative to the EPS floats currently used all over the world.”
Toby Budd, Founder and Managing Director, ScaffFloat
Local innovation, global stage
Local MP Jayne Kirkham, checking out the new Reef Float in Falmouth, called it “exactly the kind of innovation we want to see in Cornwall: local businesses developing practical but cutting-edge solutions to global environmental challenges. Cutting polystyrene pollution from our waters while creating skilled jobs is a win for our marine environment and our economy. I’m proud to see government funding helping projects like this lead the way.”
“Falmouth Harbour has made the conscious decision to move away from EPS foam pontoons in all our operations, and it’s fantastic that our neighbours at ScaffFloat are the first company to offer a plastic-free alternative. Reef Floats are easily installed, in situ, on a rolling basis, as and when we need to replace old EPS floats, and they have a zero-cost, 100 percent recyclable end-of-life disposal. It’s another tremendous example of Cornish ingenuity, and we look forward to working with them into the future.”
Miles Carden, CEO, Falmouth Harbour
The Reef Float team has been shortlisted for the Innovation Award at Marina26 in Australia this May, with an invitation to attend and present at the biggest marina conference in the world, demonstrating what a major issue EPS has become for the marina industry and legislative authorities alike.
Australia itself lost more than 1,000 pontoons in the 2022 Queensland floods, where they broke up and created an environmental disaster known as the “White Spill,” with the ocean and beaches covered with EPS balls that were almost impossible to clear up.
Learn more. For more information on Reef Float and parent company ScaffFloat, visit scafffloat.co.uk/reeffloat. For more on Falmouth Harbour, including its wide-ranging environmental initiatives, see falmouthharbour.co.uk.
Adapted from a press release issued by Louise Midgley Communications, on behalf of ScaffFloat and Falmouth Harbour.
Conservation Photography
Little Cayman Hope Spot Shows Early Signs of Reef Recovery After the World’s Most Extreme Coral Bleaching Event
CCMI’s 2025 Healthy Reefs Report Card shows Little Cayman’s coral cover edging back to 13.4 percent, an early but unmistakable sign that the island’s reefs are beginning to recover from the world’s most extreme coral bleaching event.
Little Cayman, Cayman Islands. Marking Earth Day 2026, the Central Caribbean Marine Institute (CCMI) released its 2025 Healthy Reefs Report Card, revealing early signs of recovery and renewed hope for Little Cayman’s reefs after the most extreme coral bleaching event on record in 2023.
The summer of 2023 was the hottest ever measured, and it brought with it one of the most extensive global coral bleaching events in modern history, decimating reefs from the Caribbean to the Indo-Pacific and casting their future in doubt. CCMI’s Healthy Reefs campaign has tracked Little Cayman’s reefs since 1998, and the 2024 surveys delivered the bleakest numbers in the program’s history: coral cover had collapsed to 9.8 percent, down from 26 percent before the marine heatwave.
This year’s data tells a different story. The 2025 surveys, summarized in the new Report Card, show coral cover edging back up to 13.4 percent. The shift is not yet statistically significant, but the direction is unmistakable: recovery in Little Cayman has begun.
A site-by-site picture
Zoom in from the island-wide average and the recovery looks more layered. Twenty percent of surveyed sites posted a significant increase in coral cover between 2024 and 2025. One site, Coral City, held the line entirely through the bleaching, exhibiting no significant loss. In total, 30 percent of sites have either maintained pre-bleaching coral levels or demonstrated significant recovery this year. The remaining 70 percent show either minor, non-significant recovery or no recovery at all.
Reef recovery is rarely visible on a 12 to 24 month horizon. Corals are slow-growing animals, and even after a disturbance ends, biologists typically expect at least three years before measurable rebound, and a minimum of seven years (sometimes nearly thirty) for a reef to return to pre-bleaching baselines. Against that timeline, what CCMI is recording in 2025 is striking: the resilience built into Little Cayman, with strong protections and minimal local disturbance, appears to be doing exactly what reef science predicts it should do.
Fish populations holding the line
While coral cover is still climbing back, fish populations have continued to thrive. CCMI has documented consistent increases in fish density since 2016, with a dramatic jump in density and biomass in 2024 that held through 2025. That matters more than it might sound: herbivorous fish keep macro-algae in check, and when algae is left unchecked it can smother corals and block new recruits from settling. A healthy reef-fish community is, in many ways, what makes coral recovery possible at all.
A Hope Spot earning its name
Little Cayman is a Mission Blue Hope Spot, a designation that frames the island as a small-but-mighty example of what marine protection can look like when conservation is prioritized. Under the pressures the ocean is now under, that framing reads less like marketing copy and more like a working hypothesis the reef is steadily proving out.
The island has form here. Little Cayman’s Nassau grouper spawning aggregation rebounded from roughly 1,000 individuals to nearly 9,000 over a decade, one of the most cited recovery stories in the Caribbean. The early coral signal in the 2025 Report Card could become another chapter in that record.
The nursery, and three resilient genotypes
CCMI’s coral nursery was hit hard during the 2023 bleaching, losing close to 90 percent of its stock. Genetic work in the aftermath identified three staghorn coral genotypes that survived nearly 20 degree-heating weeks. Since 2023, those three genotypes have rebuilt the nursery from just 17 fragments to nearly 300 as of March 2026. CCMI’s nursery likely represents one of the last remaining populations of the critically endangered staghorn coral, Acropora cervicornis, in Little Cayman.
Why this matters beyond Little Cayman
Hope Spots like Little Cayman do not just protect their own waters. They function as larval source populations, exporting recruits along ocean currents to less resilient reefs downstream. In a warming ocean where many sites have lost their capacity to bounce back unaided, these pockets of resilience are increasingly the difference between regional collapse and regional recovery.
The 2025 numbers do not erase what 2023 took. Coral cover is still well below pre-heatwave levels, and the recovery is partial, uneven, and fragile. But for the first time since the bleaching, the trendline is pointing in the right direction. As CCMI puts it, research and science-based actions are critical right now to understand the ecological processes driving this resilience and to translate that understanding into management and protection.
Acknowledgments
CCMI thanks this year’s Healthy Reefs sponsors: Wheaton Precious Metals International, Foster’s Supermarket, Cayman Water, and Ugland Properties; and the Restoration program sponsors who made the work possible: The Ernest Kleinwort Charitable Trust, Artex Cayman Islands, Walkers, and Marfire.
Read the full 2025 Healthy Reefs Report Card at tinyurl.com/CCMI-25HRR and learn more about the Healthy Reefs campaign at reefresearch.org/our-work/research/healthy-reefs/.
Adapted from a press release issued by the Central Caribbean Marine Institute (CCMI), April 22, 2026. Photo credit: CCMI.
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