Climate change and ocean warming threaten coral reefs globally with more frequent and deadly coral bleaching events. But a new study, using 20 years of Reef Check data, finds that corals now can withstand higher temperatures before bleaching than they could a decade ago.

Reef Check Diver collects data on coral bleaching and other ecosystem health indicators along a transect.

The study was published March 20, 2019 in the journal Nature Communications. The study team included Ph.D. student Shannon Sully and professor Rob van Woesik at the Florida Institute of Technology, Deron Burkepile and Mary Donovan at the University of California Santa Barbara, and Reef Check founder Gregor Hodgson.

The team analyzed Reef Check data from more than 3,300 sites in 81 countries to examine global coral bleaching patterns in relation to water temperature. They found that, compared to the previous decade, corals now can withstand 0.5 degrees C (about 1 degree Fahrenheit) higher temperature before starting to bleach. According to Hodgson, this is most likely due to adaptation of both the corals and the microscopic algae that live in their tissues.

“We found that it took higher temperatures to bleach corals this past decade than it did 20 years ago,” Florida Tech’s Shannon Sully said.

“After watching a large section of the Great Barrier Reef bleach and some of it die over the past few years, it is a bit of good news that we may have a little more time to solve global warming,” said Hodgson.

The authors suggest that the higher temperature threshold for bleaching in this decade is likely a consequence of the decline in temperature-sensitive corals during previous bleaching events, and that the remaining corals now are adapted to higher thermal stress.

The team also found that bleaching was significantly less common on reefs near the Equator despite similar thermal stress levels, contradicting expectations. Rob van Woesik said that many questions remain. “We are uncertain why equatorial reefs are more tolerant of recent temperature stress, but we do know that we must protect these equatorial reefs – and reefs everywhere – from other disturbances, lest we lose coral reefs that protect coastal inhabitants from storm waves and help feed millions of people worldwide,” he said.

Jan Freiwald, Reef Check’s executive director, was glad to see Reef Check’s data put to good use. “Global warming is now the biggest threat to the survival of coral reefs – and humans. Reef Check’s citizen scientist divers work hard to survey reefs all over the world to provide the data we need to make effective management decisions on a changing planet and reverse the trend of coral loss” he said, and thanked all of Reef Check’s professional and citizen scientists who helped collected the data.

The article is available here. (https://rdcu.be/brXnV) DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09238-2.

Reef Check is a global non-profit organization working to protect tropical coral reefs and California rocky reefs through education, conservation, and research. Reef Check trains volunteer divers to become citizen scientists to survey the status and health of tropical coral reefs, California rocky reefs, and Mediterranean habitats. With more than 10,000 surveys in more than 75 countries, Reef Check teams provide the data that helps us understand our reefs and manage and care for our ocean. Learn more at www.reefcheck.org. 

About Florida Institute of Technology Celebrating 60 years of relentlessly pursuing greatness, Florida Tech was founded in 1958 at the dawn of the Space Race that would soon define the Atlantic coast of Florida and captivate the nation. Now the premier private technological university in the Southeast, Florida Tech is a Tier 1 Best National University in U.S. News & World Report and one of just nine schools in Florida lauded by the Fiske Guide to Colleges. Ranked among the top 5 percent of 18,000 degree-granting institutions worldwide in the 2018-19 World University Rankings and named one of just 14 U.S.-based Golden Age universities in 2018 by Times Higher Education, Florida Tech is one of the nation’s Best Value Colleges as determined by Forbes in 2018. Florida Tech offers bachelors, master’s and doctoral degrees in aeronautics and aviation, engineering, computing and cybersecurity, business, science and mathematics, psychology, education and communication. Learn more at www.fit.edu.

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Mantis Shrimp – Cabliao Philippines Found in the warm waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, the peacock mantis shrimp is arguably one of the most captivating creatures in the sea. Its hard-shelled body is bursting with color—hues of bright red, green, orange and blue, and its forearms are covered in spots. At the top of its head rests a set of protruding eyes, and they aren’t just for show.

These crustaceans have the most complex eyes in the animal kingdom, containing millions of light-sensitive cells. With 16 color-receptive cones (compared to humans, who have just three), the peacock mantis shrimp can detect ten times more color than a human, including ultraviolet light. It can move each eye independently and uses this exceptional eyesight to avoid predators and track down prey.

The peacock mantis shrimp lives in the crevices of coral and rocks on the ocean floor. A territorial creature, it has been known to exhibit aggressive behavior toward intruders. This ferocious shrimp has club-like appendages that fold beneath its body, resembling a praying mantis. With a spring-like motion, it uses these appendages to attack prey and a mantis shrimp’s punch is no joke. With the ability to strike at the speed of a .22 caliber bullet (50 times faster than the blink of an eye), a blow from a mantis shrimp can easily break through the shell of a crab or mollusk.