Conservation Photography
Nudibranchs in Indonesia! Jack’s October Underwater Photography Feature
Only scuba divers could rate great slug spotting opportunities as an essential ingredient to their vacation. Essentially just an underwater slug, the nudibranch is a scuba diving enigma and you can’t fail to notice the excitement these little guys cause. Which, consequently is way out of kilter to their tiny stature. So what’s so special?
Their colourful ornateness and slow yet determined rhythmic bustle-like progress is endearing and hypnotic. Expect bold riotous colours and striking patterns as well as designer embellishments suitable for an outlandish fashion week runway show. Divers seem to bestow them with characters of their own. We’ve heard them described as looking like anything from ghosts to Shaun the Sheep and pretty much everything in between.
There are over 3000 species to delight enthusiasts and within species, there can be a significant amount of variation too. New species are regularly discovered. The variety this offers and the potential of discovery is part of the excitement and why many divers swim with their noses to the coral to find a unique specimen, so unique they might never see another. For underwater photographers, they’re a dream. Their slow pace and flamboyant nature make for easy to capture beautiful subjects.
While they inhabit the oceans worldwide, you’ll find the greatest number in warm tropical waters which happily is where most of us like to take our scuba diving vacations. If you’re an addict, and only the biggest fix will suffice then, The Philippines are where you must go. There are many great muck diving spots, and vibrant reefs sprinkled all over this island nation, each displaying their cache which wouPhoto by Rick Heydel – Nudibranchld satisfy most cravings. For the biggest hit, however, Anilao is where it’s at. Divers have reported spotting over 90 different species in as little as ten days. Other locations include Indonesia with Raja Ampat, Lembeh Straits and Bali getting notable mentions.
As divers, we tend to use the term nudibranch broadly to cover all forms of sea slug, flatworm, bristle worm and their ilk, yet the actual definition of nudibranch is quite particular. Translated from Latin, nudibranch means naked gills or lungs which gives you more than a clue to how these soft-bodied molluscs breathe. The feathery like protrusion on their back is what this refers to. Their antennae at the front are not eyes but glands for smell; most can withdraw these when they sense danger. Unlike their plant destroying garden dwelling cousins, these guys are carnivores. They eat sponge, anemones, barnacles, other sea slugs and eggs. Their colours can come from their food source. They use this colouration either to blend in or to stand out and warn their predators of their toxicity. Some are faking it!
Commonly referred to as ‘nudis’, they range in size from 4-10cm long, but there are larger species which can grow to 60cm long and weigh in at 1.5kg. Spanish dancers are one of the larger variety which get their name from their swimming fashion which looks like the undulating swishing skirts of a flamenco dancer. Not all nudibranch can swim and mostly they get around at a lazy 10m per day using a muscle ‘foot’ and leaving a slime trail like their land-based brethren.
Nudibranch are hermaphrodites. They join, looking a lot like they’re holding hands, to mate and exchange semen and eggs and each lay eggs. Eggs look like lace or fine muslin attached to the reef in ruffles and are mostly laid in spirals. Nudibranch larvae have shells which they lose as they become adults while going through a process called torsion which spins their body 180 degrees on their foot. Their average life expectancy is one year.
To improve your chances of seeing the greatest number, wherever you are diving, make sure you have an excellent guide who shares your passion for these creatures. Wherever you dive, good local knowledge is essential for getting the most out of your diving. Talk to other local or experienced divers and do your research, know which species you’re looking for and most importantly find out what they like to eat as this will tell you where to look. You never know, you just might discover something new!
Conservation Photography
National Geographic Explorer Thomas Peschak to Receive 2025 Eliza Scidmore Award for Outstanding Storytelling

This year’s award recognizes Peschak’s legacy of visually illuminating ecosystems, including the people advocating for them, while connecting audiences to the importance of conservation

Award-winning photographer and National Geographic Explorer Thomas P. Peschak will receive the National Geographic Society’s 2025 Eliza Scidmore Award for Outstanding Storytelling for his long legacy of conservation storytelling at National Geographic and beyond.
The award — named for the writer and photographer Eliza Scidmore, the first woman elected to the Society’s Board of Trustees in 1892 — recognizes individuals whose work focuses on immersive storytelling to advance our understanding of the environmental and conservation issues we face, with the ultimate goal of supporting societies in making the best decisions for a healthier planet.

The award — named for the writer and photographer Eliza Scidmore, the first woman elected to the Society’s Board of Trustees in 1892 — recognizes individuals whose work focuses on immersive storytelling to advance our understanding of the environmental and conservation issues we face, with the ultimate goal of supporting societies in making the best decisions for a healthier planet.
While Peschak began his career training as a marine biologist specializing in human-wildlife interactions, he eventually moved to photojournalism after realizing his impact on conservation could be greater through storytelling to inspire change. Now, Peschak’s accomplishments are world-renowned, with 18 Wildlife Photographer of the Year wins, seven World Press Photo Awards, and most recently, the 2024 Wildlife Photojournalist Story Award — all for his significant work documenting some of the most crucial conservation stories of our time.

“Tom’s work is rooted in a commitment to drive meaningful impact. Whether documenting vital ecosystems, the plight of at-risk species or the stories of communities, his images open our eyes to the world, make it clear what’s at stake and inspire us to act,” said Jill Tiefenthaler, CEO of the National Geographic Society. “Tom’s dedication to illuminating and protecting the wonder of our world defines his work, and it’s why we are deeply honored to present him with the 2025 Eliza Scidmore Award for Outstanding Storytelling.”
Most recently, he was the lead storyteller on the National Geographic and Rolex Perpetual Planet Amazon Expedition, a multiyear series of solutions-centered science expeditions spanning the entire Amazon River Basin. Working with fellow Explorers and local communities, Peschak immersed himself in the basin for 396 days to reveal its aquatic and wetland habitats. The single-topic October issue of the National Geographic magazine was devoted entirely to Peschak’s stunning images of the Amazon Expedition. Starting with ice axes and crampons in the icy high Andes and finishing with scuba gear in the Atlantic Ocean, he created the first-of-its-kind comprehensive photographic archive of our planet’s most iconic and biodiverse river system.

To date, Peschak has photographed 20 National Geographic magazine features on various subjects, including manta rays, sea turtles, climate change in Antarctica and the global seabird crisis, the latter of which resulted from a Society grant in 2017. Seeking to address the loss of 230 million seabirds over 60 years, Peschak mined archives for images of seabird colonies in Peru taken 100 years ago and re-photographed those same locations, presenting these images side by side in an innovative multimedia display to visualize this staggering absence in the hopes of protecting this ecologically critical and unique species.

In addition to his extraordinary photojournalistic work, Peschak has written and photographed eight books, including “Sharks and People,” which chronicles the relationship between people and sharks around the world, and “Wild Seas,” a collection of photos taken by Peschak documenting the beauty and fragility of underwater life and wild coastlines from around the world. He has also appeared as a speaker for the National Geographic Live! series, having presented over 20 shows in 15 cities on three continents.

“Photography and storytelling aren’t just about highlighting places with unique biodiversity, especially when areas like the Amazon basin are under siege every day from issues like overfishing, pollution and climate change,” said Peschak. “To capture the full scale, it’s imperative to highlight these challenges as well as the people who are facing them head-on: local communities, Indigenous peoples, researchers and other Explorers. The goal and hope with my work has always been to photograph places I love in order to help save them, so it is a true honor to receive this award and get to continue to work on important stories of conservation.”

While remaining a cornerstone of storytelling work at the Society, Peschak continues to focus on marine conservation storytelling more broadly, serving as the director of storytelling for the Save our Seas Foundation — an organization he has been an integral part of for almost two decades. He is also a founding director of the Manta Trust and a senior fellow of the International League of Conservation Photographers.
Peschak will be honoured as the 2025 Eliza Scidmore Award recipient during the annual National Geographic Society Storytellers Summit in February 2025. To learn more about Peschak and other Explorers’ work, visit our website here.
ABOUT THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY
The National Geographic Society is a global nonprofit organization that uses the power of science, exploration, education and storytelling to illuminate and protect the wonder of our world. Since 1888, National Geographic has pushed the boundaries of exploration, investing in bold people and transformative ideas, providing more than 15,000 grants for work across all seven continents, reaching 3 million students each year through education offerings, and engaging audiences around the globe through signature experiences, stories and content.
Conservation Photography
Manta Ray Magic: Witnessing a Feeding Frenzy in the Great Barrier Reef – Photography by Aliya Siddiqi
While working at an island that’s known as “the home of the manta ray,” it’s easy for most of us staff to get jaded at seeing one or two manta rays…per day. Maybe they do a quick cruise past, or maybe a stop at the cleaning station. But when these mantas do aggregate around this small island on the Great Barrier Reef, those are the days that turn into pure magic. And it reminds us all as to why these animals are so spectacular to interact with.

Manta rays, more specifically Manta alfredi, are unique in the contrast between their large size and inquisitive behavior around humans. Despite reaching average lengths of three to five meters wingtip to wingtip, they are filter feeders and seek out the smallest creatures in the ocean to feed on. The diets of manta rays are found to consist mostly of different types of zooplankton, small creatures that range from microscopic single-celled organisms to the larvae of larger animals like crabs, octopuses, and fish. Zooplankton are heterotrophic, meaning that they obtain their energy from feeding on other organisms including phytoplankton and other zooplankton. In this photo series, all of those small dots sparkling in the photos indicate a high number of plankton.

According to scientists studying the island aggregation site, the higher biomass of zooplankton seems to be a result of “local concentration and retention processes around the island”. Though still unknown why these zooplankton blooms around the island happen, when it does become what we call “manta soup,” the foraging behaviour of the manta rays gives guests and staff some unforgettable experiences. The elasmobranchs ensure filter-feeding efficiency by looping around consistently in nutrient-dense areas. All one must do is stay in that same spot and wait for the mantas to swoop in and detour around you – though with strong currents, this is often more easily said than done. However, some days you get lucky when the weather window blesses you with no wind, high zooplankton biomass, and an influx of manta rays.
These photos come from a day like that, making it almost too easy for an amateur photographer like me to capture these charismatic animals. The mantas were swooping in and out, with some of the females displaying quite pregnant bellies. Like any aggregation site, tourism operators greatly benefit from the frequency at which these animals appear. Their docile and curious nature also makes them excellent flagship species for marine conservationists. Listed as Vulnerable to Extinction by the IUCN, these experiences with the public allow for an opportunity to discuss the challenges our oceans are facing, and why protection is of the utmost importance.

Conservation Photography
Cleaning Stations & Coastal Cruising – Under the Waves with Karim Iliya, October 2024

This is a turtle cleaning station. You can see the turtle in the back getting cleaned by a fish which eats parasites and algae off the turtle’s skin, shell, and scales. The turtle in the front is waiting its turn. This is a symbiotic relationship in which the turtles get cleaned, and the fish get a meal.

A Hawaiian green sea turtle cruises beneath the waves off the coast of Hawaii. This turtle was eating algae off the rocks, seemingly unaffected by the powerful turbulent water all around. When not eating algae, these turtles spend much of their time laying on the nearby beach .
Karim was published in National Geographic magazine for his humpback whale photography. He now leads his own trips so that others can swim with whales.
If you are interested in swimming with or photographing humpback whales, Karim guides people on small trips between August and October every year in Tonga. Visit www.dancewithwhales.com to find out more
To see more of Karim’s work, visit his website at www.karimphotography.com

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