News

Rice Reactor Turns Greenhouse Gas into Pure Liquid Fuel

A common greenhouse gas could be repurposed in an efficient and environmentally friendly way with an electrolyzer that uses renewable electricity to produce pure liquid fuels.

The catalytic reactor developed by the Rice University lab of chemical and biomolecular engineer Haotian Wang uses carbon dioxide as its feedstock and, in its latest prototype, produces highly purified and high concentrations of formic acid.

Rice University engineer Haotian Wang adjusts the electrocatalysis reactor built in his lab to recycle carbon dioxide to produce liquid fuel. The reactor is designed to be an efficient and profitable way to reuse the greenhouse gas and keep it out of the atmosphere. (Credit: Jeff Fitlow/Rice University)

Formic acid produced by traditional carbon dioxide devices needs costly and energy-intensive purification steps, Wang said. The direct production of pure formic acid solutions will help to promote commercial carbon dioxide conversion technologies.

The method is detailed in Nature Energy.

Wang, who joined Rice’s Brown School of Engineering in January, and his group pursue technologies that turn greenhouse gases into useful products. In tests, the new electrocatalyst reached an energy conversion efficiency of about 42%. That means nearly half of the electrical energy can be stored in formic acid as liquid fuel.

“Formic acid is an energy carrier,” Wang said. “It’s a fuel-cell fuel that can generate electricity and emit carbon dioxide — which you can grab and recycle again.

“It’s also fundamental in the chemical engineering industry as a feedstock for other chemicals, and a storage material for hydrogen that can hold nearly 1,000 times the energy of the same volume of hydrogen gas, which is difficult to compress,” he said. “That’s currently a big challenge for hydrogen fuel-cell cars.”

This schematic shows the electrolyzer developed at Rice University to reduce carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, to valuable fuels. At left is a catalyst that selects for carbon dioxide and reduces it to a negatively charged formate, which is pulled through a gas diffusion layer (GDL) and the anion exchange membrane (AEM) into the central electrolyte. At the right, an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst generates positive protons from water and sends them through the cation exchange membrane (CEM). The ions recombine into formic acid or other products that are carried out of the system by deionized (DI) water and gas. (Credit: Illustration by Chuan Xia and Demin Liu/Rice University)

Two advances made the new device possible, said lead author and Rice postdoctoral researcher Chuan Xia. The first was his development of a robust, two-dimensional bismuth catalyst and the second a solid-state electrolyte that eliminates the need for salt as part of the reaction.

Rice University postdoctoral researcher Chuan Xia, left, and chemical and biomolecular engineer Haotian Wang. (Credit: Jeff Fitlow/Rice University)

“Bismuth is a very heavy atom, compared to transition metals like copper, iron or cobalt,” Wang said. “Its mobility is much lower, particularly under reaction conditions. So that stabilizes the catalyst.” He noted the reactor is structured to keep water from contacting the catalyst, which also helps preserve it.

Xia can make the nanomaterials in bulk. “Currently, people produce catalysts on the milligram or gram scales,” he said. “We developed a way to produce them at the kilogram scale. That will make our process easier to scale up for industry.”

The polymer-based solid electrolyte is coated with sulfonic acid ligands to conduct positive charge or amino functional groups to conduct negative ions. “Usually people reduce carbon dioxide in a traditional liquid electrolyte like salty water,” Wang said. “You want the electricity to be conducted, but pure water electrolyte is too resistant. You need to add salts like sodium chloride or potassium bicarbonate so that ions can move freely in water.

An electrocatalysis reactor built at Rice University recycles carbon dioxide to produce pure liquid fuel solutions using electricity. The scientists behind the invention hope it will become an efficient and profitable way to reuse the greenhouse gas and keep it out of the atmosphere. (Credit: Jeff Fitlow/Rice University)

“But when you generate formic acid that way, it mixes with the salts,” he said. “For a majority of applications you have to remove the salts from the end product, which takes a lot of energy and cost. So we employed solid electrolytes that conduct protons and can be made of insoluble polymers or inorganic compounds, eliminating the need for salts.”

The rate at which water flows through the product chamber determines the concentration of the solution. Slow throughput with the current setup produces a solution that is nearly 30% formic acid by weight, while faster flows allow the concentration to be customized. The researchers expect to achieve higher concentrations from next-generation reactors that accept gas flow to bring out pure formic acid vapors.

The Rice lab worked with Brookhaven National Laboratory to view the process in progress. “X-ray absorption spectroscopy, a powerful technique available at the Inner Shell Spectroscopy (ISS) beamline at Brookhaven Lab’s National Synchrotron Light Source II, enables us to probe the electronic structure of electrocatalysts in operando — that is, during the actual chemical process,” said co-author Eli Stavitski, lead beamline scientist at ISS. “In this work, we followed bismuth’s oxidation states at different potentials and were able to identify the catalyst’s active state during carbon dioxide reduction.”

Rice University postdoctoral researcher Chuan Xia, left, and chemical and biomolecular engineer Haotian Wang adjust their electrocatalysis reactor to produce liquid formic acid from carbon dioxide. (Credit: Jeff Fitlow/Rice University)

With its current reactor, the lab generated formic acid continuously for 100 hours with negligible degradation of the reactor’s components, including the nanoscale catalysts. Wang suggested the reactor could be easily retooled to produce such higher-value products as acetic acid, ethanol or propanol fuels.

“The big picture is that carbon dioxide reduction is very important for its effect on global warming as well as for green chemical synthesis,” Wang said. “If the electricity comes from renewable sources like the sun or wind, we can create a loop that turns carbon dioxide into something important without emitting more of it.”

Co-authors are Rice graduate student Peng Zhu; graduate student Qiu Jiang and Husam Alshareef, a professor of material science and engineering, at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia (KAUST); postdoctoral researcher Ying Pan of Harvard University; and staff scientist Wentao Liang of Northeastern University. Wang is the William Marsh Rice Trustee Assistant Professor of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering. Xia is a J. Evans Attwell-Welch Postdoctoral Fellow at Rice.

Rice and the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facilities supported the research.

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News

SeaKeepers 2025: Tribute To Jimmy Buffett And Award For Emily Cunningham

The International SeaKeepers Society will host its highly anticipated Founders Event on Thursday, October 30, 2025, during the Fort Lauderdale International Boat Show—bringing together ocean lovers, conservation leaders, and marine enthusiasts to celebrate a shared passion for the sea.

This special evening will highlight two extraordinary honorees: Jimmy Buffett, posthumously recognized as the 2025 SeaKeeper of the Year, and Emily Cunningham, MBE, recipient of the 2025 NextGen Award. The Society will also celebrate the 2025 DISCOVERY Fleet, whose vessels supported vital marine research and education throughout the year.

Honoring a Legacy: Jimmy Buffett
2025 SeaKeeper of the Year

Jimmy Buffett was a legendary singer-songwriter and beloved “tropical troubadour” whose music captured the carefree spirit of coastal living and ocean adventure. Born in Pascagoula, Mississippi, and raised in Mobile, Alabama, Buffett’s career blended storytelling, humor, and escapism into anthems for beach bums, dreamers, and pirates-at-heart.
Beyond the music, Buffett was a passionate ocean advocate. His philanthropic efforts supported coral reef conservation, manatee protection, and marine ecosystem preservation—making his legacy as impactful in environmental circles as in popular culture.

Jimmy Buffett peeking out from a stage prop styled as an airplane cockpit with the words “Air Margaritaville” during a live performance. — Jimmy Buffett performing live with his iconic Air Margaritaville stage set—embodying his trademark blend of music, humor, and coastal adventure.

Black and white photo of Jimmy Buffett relaxing shirtless on a sailboat, wearing aviator sunglasses and smiling at sea. — Jimmy Buffett performing live with his iconic Air Margaritaville stage set—embodying his trademark blend of music, humor, and coastal adventure.

Celebrating the Future: Emily Cunningham, MBE
2025 NextGen Award Recipient

Emily Cunningham is a marine biologist and global conservation leader currently directing WWF’s Global River Dolphins Initiative across 14 countries. She is also the co-founder of #Motion4theOcean, a grassroots movement advancing ocean recovery at the local government level. Emily has represented this work at global venues, including UNESCO’s Cities with the Ocean forum. With a strong commitment to youth, equity, and environmental justice, she continues to lead collaborative marine mammal research with The International SeaKeepers Society in British waters.

Event Details

Event:
2025 Annual Founders Event
Hosted by The International SeaKeepers Society

Date:
Thursday, October 30, 2025

Time:
7:00 PM – Cocktails
8:30 PM – Dinner

Location:
Pier Sixty-Six
2301 SE 17th Street
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33316

Honorees:

Jimmy Buffett, 2025 SeaKeeper of the Year

Emily Cunningham, MBE, 2025 NextGen Award

2025 DISCOVERY Fleet, for their year-round support of SeaKeepers programming

RSVP Deadline:
Friday, October 24, 2025

Contact:
Email: Marjurie@SeaKeepers.org
Phone: +1 786.924.6209

RSVP & Ticket Information

This is a ticketed event with limited capacity. RSVPs are required for entry. For ticket purchases or sponsorship inquiries, please contact Marjurie or visit SeaKeepers.org for details.

2025 DISCOVERY Fleet Recognition

SeaKeepers will recognize the contributions of its DISCOVERY Fleet, a collective of vessels that hosted marine research, educational programming, and outreach around the world. The 2025 impact spans the following regions:

USA, Headquarters
Asia & Bangladesh
United Kingdom
South Pacific

Attendees will have an opportunity to explore each chapter’s achievements and the vessels that played a vital role in supporting SeaKeepers’ mission this year.

Accommodations for Guests

As a courtesy to out-of-town guests, SeaKeepers has secured a limited number of rooms at Pier Sixty-Six Resort. Rooms are available on a first-come, first-served basis and must be reserved no later than Monday, October 6, 2025.
To book:
Call +1 954.525.6666 or follow the online reservation link provided by the resort.

Please note: After the October 6 deadline, all unclaimed rooms will be released back into general sale.

News

Wheaton Women in Ocean Science Award Now Accepting Applications for 2025

The Central Caribbean Marine Institute (CCMI) is thrilled to announce the launch of the Wheaton Women in Ocean Science Award (WIOSA). A unique opportunity for early-career women in ocean science seeking professional growth, mentorship, and hands-on research experience.

This initiative will support one WIOSA Scholar and two WIOSA Interns, with research focused on one of the following key topics:

Seagrass ecology
Coastal blue carbon
Coral recruitment dynamics

The selected projects will directly support CCMI’s Blue Carbon Offset and Biodiversity Project, furthering critical research on climate resilience and marine ecosystems.

Photo credit: Blue Carbon Offset & Biodiversity – CCMI

WIOSA Scholar Opportunity

The WIOSA Scholar position is intended for a post-doctoral level researcher seeking to advance an independent research career. Scholars may propose their own research or collaborate on CCMI’s current programming. Preference will be given to projects that investigate:

The role of seagrass beds
Coral recruitment processes
Carbon cycling and its influence on reef and coastal resilience

Location: Little Cayman Research Centre
Fellowship Term: 2025–2027

Support Package:

$5,000 USD annual fellowship
$10,000 USD annual research support (including one month of fieldwork, diving, boat use, equipment, room and board)
$800 USD travel support
Conference travel funding to present at a regional scientific meeting

In addition, the selected scholar will mentor one of the WIOSA Interns through a transparent selection process.

WIOSA Internships

Two internship positions are available for graduate students (Master’s or PhD level) pursuing careers in ocean science. Interns will gain field-based experience by contributing to a project led by the WIOSA Scholar.

Key Requirements:

Certified and experienced scuba diver
Interest in coral recruitment, seagrass dynamics, or coastal blue carbon

Duration: 2.5 months
Location: Little Cayman Research Centre

Support Package:

$500 USD monthly stipend
$800 USD travel support
Room and board provided
One-on-one mentorship from a WIOSA Scholar

How to Apply

Application Deadline: 15 June 2025
To Apply: Email your CV and cover letter to WIOS@reefresearch.org

For full details, visit: https://reefresearch.org/about-ccmi/our-people/positions-available/

Contact

For any questions about the award or application process, please get in touch.

Abbie Dosell
Head of Fundraising and Engagement
www.reefresearch.org
facebook.com/reefresearch

Art & Culture

Announcing the Winners of the 2025 Science Without Borders® Challenge

A Tribute to the Ocean’s Keystone Species:

Announcing the Winners of the 2025 Science Without Borders® Challenge

ANNAPOLIS, MD — The Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation is proud to announce the winners of the 2025 Science Without Borders® Challenge, an international student art contest that promotes ocean conservation. This year’s theme, Marine Keystone Species, invited students to create artwork highlighting species that play a critical role in maintaining the structure and health of ocean ecosystems.

Open to primary and secondary school students 11–19 years old, the competition received an overwhelming response this year. Over 1,300 young artists from 75 countries submitted artwork—each piece a unique interpretation of a marine keystone species, from sea otters and mangroves to corals and sharks. These species may not always be the most numerous or well-known, but they have an outsized impact on their environment. Their presence helps maintain biodiversity, balance food webs, and support ecosystem resilience. If a keystone species is removed, the entire ecosystem could shift dramatically or collapse. Through their art, students explored these complex ecological relationships and made a compelling case for ocean conservation.

Artwork in the competition was judged in two categories based on age. The winning entries are not only beautiful pieces of artwork—they are a tribute to the animals that keep our ocean ecosystems in balance.

Hyungjun Chin, 18, from the Republic of Korea, holding his winning artwork "The Keeper" featuring a sea otter in a kelp forest.

In the 15–19 age group, the first-place winner of the 2025 Science Without Borders® Challenge is Hyungjun Chin, with his enchanting piece, “The Keeper.” An 18-year-old student from the Republic of Korea, Hyungjun’s artwork depicts a sea otter eating sea urchins in a vibrant kelp forest, highlighting the otter’s role in protecting the kelp from overgrazing.

“Winning the Science Without Borders Challenge® means a lot to me,” said Hyungjun. “It feels incredibly rewarding to have my artwork recognized on an international level, especially when it’s about a topic I care deeply about—the environment. I wanted my artwork to show how every species has a role and how protecting even one can save many.”

Kimin Kim from the Republic of Korea with her second-place artwork “Bridge Between Waters and Worlds,” featuring mangroves and fish.

Second place in the 15–19 category went to Kimin Kim of the Republic of Korea for her artwork, “Bridge Between Waters and Worlds.” Her piece highlights the importance of mangrove trees as habitat for species both above and below the waterline, and their role in purifying the water for nearby seagrass meadows.

Daniel Yu from Hackensack, NJ, standing beside his colorful mangrove-themed artwork “The Sea's Yggdrasil.”

Daniel Yu from Hackensack, New Jersey, claimed third place with “The Sea’s Yggdrasil,” a striking portrayal of mangroves as ecosystem engineers—stabilizing coastlines, preventing erosion, and filtering pollutants from the water to support surrounding marine life.

Gia Kim, age 12, from Los Angeles, holding her painting “Melting Grounds” depicting krill and glacial waters.

In the 11–14 age group, Gia Kim, age 12, from Los Angeles, California, earned first place for “Melting Grounds,” her powerful painting of krill—tiny but vital creatures that form the heart of the food web in the Arctic and Antarctic. Her artwork illustrates how the loss of such species, due to threats like climate change and ocean acidification, could lead to ecological collapse.

“I hope this piece raises awareness about our damaged ocean and what could happen if we continue to harm it,” said Gia. “This is our planet, and we can make a change, starting with our warming ocean.”

Kate Wang standing on a wooden deck holding her seagrass-themed painting “Seagrass Savior.”

Second place in the 11–14 age group went to Kate Wang from Canada for “Seagrass Savior,” which illustrates how the large appetites of tiger sharks help protect fragile seagrass ecosystems.

Annie Douglas from The Bahamas standing beside her painting of a coral reef ecosystem titled “The Beauty of Coral Reef.”

Third place was awarded to Annie Douglas from The Bahamas for “The Beauty of Coral Reef,” celebrating reef-building corals. Although coral reefs cover less than 1% of the ocean floor, they support roughly 25% of all marine species, including over 4,000 kinds of fish.

Each of the winners will receive scholarships of up to $500 from the Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation to celebrate their achievements and help them pursue their interests in art and ocean conservation.

Now in its 13th year, the Science Without Borders® Challenge continues to engage students in important ocean science and conservation topics through art. The Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation created the competition to educate students around the world about the need to preserve our oceans and inspire the next generation of ocean advocates.

“The goal of this contest has always been to educate students about the ocean through art,” said Amy Heemsoth, Chief Operating Officer and Director of Education at the Foundation. “This year’s theme helped them understand how essential certain species are to the health of marine ecosystems. Their artwork serves as a powerful reminder of our responsibility to protect our oceans for future generations.”

The Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation extends its heartfelt congratulations to all the winners and participants of the 2025 Science Without Borders® Challenge, and thanks them for using their creativity and passion to inspire positive change for our oceans.

For more information:
Visit: www.LOF.org

Gallery

“The Keeper,” painting of a sea otter floating in kelp, holding a sea urchin. — First-place winner Hyungjun Chin (age 18) from the Republic of Korea with “The Keeper,” a tribute to sea otters as marine keystone species.

About the Organizations:

About the Science Without Borders® Challenge:
The Science Without Borders® Challenge is an international student art contest run by the Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation to engage students in marine conservation through art. The annual competition welcomes entries from all primary and secondary school students 11–19 years old. Scholarships of up to $500 are awarded to the winning entries. Students and teachers interested in next year’s competition can learn more and apply at:
www.livingoceansfoundation.org/SWBchallenge

About the Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation:
The Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation is a nonprofit environmental organization dedicated to protecting and restoring the health of the world’s oceans. Through science, outreach, and education, the Foundation works to conserve coral reefs and other tropical marine ecosystems, enhance ocean literacy, and inspire conservation action. Learn more at www.livingoceansfoundation.org