Issue 97 - June 2023

Polar Amplification: Why is The Arctic Warming Faster Than The Rest of The World?

The Arctic is the fastest-warming region on Earth. Last year, an international team of climatologists discovered that the Arctic could warm even 4.5 times faster than the rest of the globe. It means that in the next 25 years, we can experience a no-ice in the Arctic in the summer season.

Why is it like that? Well, the phenomenon responsible for the unprecedented heating of the North Pole area is the so-called polar (or Arctic) amplification. What is it all about?

Annual mean temperature anomalies in the Arctic (66.5^∘–90^∘N) (dark colours) and globally (light colours) during 1950–2021 derived from the various observational datasets. Temperature anomalies have been calculated relative to the standard 30-year period of 1981–2010. Shown are also the linear temperature trends for 1979–2021. b Annual mean temperature trends for the period 1979–2021, derived from the average of the observational datasets. Areas without a statistically significant change are masked out. c Local amplification ratio calculated for the period 1979–2021, derived from the average of the observational datasets. The dashed line in (b) and (c) depicts the Arctic Circle (66.5^∘N latitude)

Polar amplification – what is it?

In general, a polar amplification means that at high latitudes, the surface temperature warming exceeds the global average temperature change. There are a lot of more or less certain causes impacting the Arctic amplification.

Scientists most frequently point to reducing the ice albedo, cloud feedback, and oceanic heat transport system.

Ice-albedo feedback due to diminishing sea ice

The loss of sea ice is one of the most frequently cited reasons. When the reflective ice melts, a darker ocean dominates. The ocean’s surface absorbs more solar heat than the surface of snow and ice. This means that the fall of the ice reduces the albedo (the ability to reflect sunlight) of the surface and contributes to the increase in temperature.

Cloud feedback

Clouds play a crucial role in polar amplification because they can both amplify and mitigate the warming effects in polar regions.

Cloud feedback is a complex phenomenon meaning clouds’ response to temperature changes caused by external forcings, such as greenhouse gas emissions. It can be positive or negative, depending on how clouds interact with the Earth’s radiative balance.

Positive cloud feedback occurs when increasing temperatures lead to more cloud formation, which in turn traps more heat in the atmosphere, further enhancing the warming effect. Positive cloud feedback can contribute to polar amplification in the polar regions by trapping more outgoing longwave radiation, reducing the net heat loss from the polar regions, and intensifying the warming.

Negative cloud feedback, on the other hand, occurs when increasing temperatures lead to changes in cloud properties that enhance the Earth’s albedo (reflectivity), resulting in more incoming solar radiation being reflected back to space. This leads to a cooling effect. Negative cloud feedback can partially offset the warming and dampen polar amplification. The exact impact of cloud feedback on polar amplification is still an area of active research, and uncertainties are involved.

Ocean heat transport and storms

Ocean currents play an unprecedented role in climate regulation. One of the most powerful of them is the Gulf Stream, which is a fast-flowing, warm ocean current that originates in the Gulf of Mexico and moves northeastward along the Atlantic coast of North America before crossing to Europe. The movement of the Gulf Stream keeps Europe from being much colder than it really should be because of its northern latitude while also impacting precipitation across large parts of Africa and South America.

The global warming phenomenon we’re currently experiencing is also believed to be linked to the weakening of the Gulf Stream. According to Nature magazine, the speed of the Gulf Stream system has declined by 15% since the middle of the 20th century. The further changes can significantly affect climate stability and drastically impact different parts of the world – in particular, Europe.

As for storms, they transmit the heat from the surface to the atmosphere, where the global winds move the heat towards northern latitudes. Massive storms are a form of temperature regulation at the equator. They reduce the global warming impact on tropic locations but boost polar amplification.

Polar amplification in numbers

As mentioned in the introduction, polar amplification is responsible for an even 4.5 higher pace of warming in the Arctic than in the rest of the World. But let’s take a closer look at the two essential elements of the Arctic climate – permafrost and Arctic sea ice.

An important update is that the increase in Arctic annual mean surface temperature (land and ocean) between 1971 and 2019 was three times higher than the increase in the global average during the same period.

Permafrost

Permafrost is incredibly important for the Earth’s climate because of the enormous carbon and methane reservoirs in Arctica. A decrease in permafrost areas will release gigatons of greenhouse gases that are currently trapped by permafrost. According to scientists, it will have a moderate impact for the following decades, but it can significantly impact in a matter of centuries.

It’s worth mentioning that 15% of land in the Northern Hemisphere contains permafrost. Moreover, the Artic permafrost has warmed by 2 – 3 °C in the last 50 years. We can observe the strongest warming of permafrost in parts of Northern Alaska, where the average temperature rose over 3°C throughout half a century. The near-surface permafrost area has decreased by 37%, and according to predictions, it will decrease by 87% compared to the 1980s.

Arctic sea ice

The annual mean Arctic sea ice extent decreased from 1979 to 2019 by even 43%. The ice cover of the sea is also getting younger and thinner than in the past. According to observations, it is likely the sea ice will continue declining in the range of 3.5 to 4.1% per decade (range of 0.45 to 0.51 million square kilometers per decade) and very likely in the range of 9.4 to 13.6% per decade (range of 0.73 to 1.07 million square kilometers per decade) for the summer sea ice minimum (perennial sea ice).

From reconstructions, we know that over the past three decades, Arctic summer sea ice retreat was unprecedented, and sea surface temperatures were anomalously high in at least the last 1,450 years!

Arctic land ice mass balance changes, 1971–2019

Polar amplification – why is it so crucial for the planet?

Polar amplification, with its accelerated warming of the Arctic, profoundly impacts the planet. The Arctic’s role as a global air conditioner and its influence on weather patterns make it a crucial component of our climate system.

This phenomenon disrupts temperature gradients, leading to extreme weather events and altering precipitation patterns in mid-latitude regions. Furthermore, it releases greenhouse gases as diminishing sea ice and thawing permafrost exacerbate climate change.

All these consequences extend beyond the environment, affecting ecosystems, biodiversity, and human livelihoods. Moreover, political implications arise as countries compete to access newly accessible resources and shipping routes. It is important to note that the full extent of the consequences is still uncertain.

Addressing polar amplification necessitates global efforts to mitigate climate change, reduce emissions, and protect the fragile Arctic ecosystem. Urgent action is imperative to safeguard our planet’s future, as the fate of the Arctic carries potentially significant and far-reaching consequences.

About The Author

Michal Jonca is a digital nomad working as a Content Writer for Passport Photo Online and a professional leader in adventurous travel experiences.

[xyz-ihs snippet=”Prepared-by-PK”]

Feature Destination

Feature Destination: Finland Spearheads New Marine Conservation Initiatives to Safeguard Baltic Sea

Finland, renowned for its commitment to environmental sustainability, has recently taken significant strides in marine conservation efforts to protect the delicate Baltic Sea ecosystem. With a firm focus on preserving biodiversity and ensuring the long-term health of its coastal waters, Finland has unveiled a range of innovative initiatives aimed at safeguarding the marine environment.

As part of the ongoing commitment to environmental protection, Finland has embarked on an ambitious plan to establish Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) within its territorial waters. These MPAs will serve as crucial sanctuaries for marine life and habitats, creating safe havens that allow ecosystems to flourish and thrive. The designation of these areas will entail specific conservation objectives and management measures, ensuring sustainable practices and responsible use of resources.

“We recognize the urgent need to protect and preserve our marine environment for future generations,” stated Minister of Environment, Johanna Laitinen. “The establishment of Marine Protected Areas represents a significant step forward in our conservation efforts, reinforcing Finland’s commitment to sustainable marine management and biodiversity conservation.”

To complement the MPA initiative, Finland is actively collaborating with neighboring countries through the Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission (HELCOM) to devise comprehensive strategies for Baltic Sea conservation. By pooling resources, sharing expertise, and coordinating efforts, Finland aims to enhance the effectiveness of marine protection measures throughout the region.

The Finnish government has also bolstered its commitment to marine conservation through the expansion of the Natura 2000 network. This EU-wide initiative, which designates protected areas of high ecological value, encompasses both terrestrial and marine habitats in Finland. By extending the network to include additional coastal and marine areas, Finland aims to ensure the conservation of key biodiversity hotspots and the sustainable management of these critical ecosystems.

Moreover, Finland is actively engaging local communities, NGOs, and scientific institutions to foster a collaborative approach to marine conservation. By encouraging public participation and incorporating scientific research into conservation planning, Finland seeks to ensure that its efforts are evidence-based, inclusive, and representative of diverse perspectives.

The coast of Finland is home to a diverse array of marine species, many of which are of interest for conservation and protection. Here are some notable marine species found along the Finnish coast:

Grey Seal (Halichoerus Grypus): The grey seal is one of the largest seal species found in the Baltic Sea. It is a protected species in Finland, and efforts are made to conserve its population and habitats.

Harbor Seal (Phoca Vitulina): The harbour seal, also known as the common seal, is another seal species that can be found along the Finnish coast. It is protected under Finnish legislation, and conservation efforts aim to ensure its survival and well-being.

Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar): The Atlantic salmon is an anadromous fish species that migrate between freshwater rivers and the sea. It is of significant ecological and economic importance in Finland. Conservation measures focus on maintaining healthy salmon populations and protecting their spawning habitats.

Baltic Sea Ringed Seal (Pusa Hispida Botnica): The Baltic Sea ringed seal is a subspecies of the ringed seal and is endemic to the Baltic Sea. It is considered one of the most endangered seal species globally. Conservation efforts in Finland aim to protect its habitats, reduce disturbances, and mitigate threats such as pollution and climate change.

Steller’s Eider (Polysticta Stelleri): The Steller’s Eider is a sea duck species that breeds along the Arctic coasts. It is listed as vulnerable globally, and Finland is an important breeding area for this species. Conservation measures focus on protecting its nesting sites and addressing threats such as habitat degradation and disturbance.

White-Tailed Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus Albicilla): The white-tailed sea eagle is a large bird of prey that inhabits coastal areas and feeds on fish. It is a protected species in Finland, and conservation efforts aim to ensure the survival and recovery of its population.

Various Fish Species: The coastal waters of Finland are home to a range of fish species, including Baltic herring, Atlantic cod, flounder, and pikeperch. Sustainable fishing practices and conservation measures are implemented to maintain healthy fish populations and protect their habitats.

These recent marine conservation efforts in Finland are a testament to the country’s dedication to sustainable development and environmental stewardship. By prioritizing the preservation of its coastal waters, Finland is setting an inspiring example for other nations in their pursuit of effective marine conservation strategies.

[xyz-ihs snippet=”Prepared-by-PK”]

Issue 97 - June 2023

SEVENSEAS Travel Magazine – June 2023 – Issue 97

Feature Destination

Where Sustainability Meets Serenity on The Shores of The Baltic Sea

Cold is the new hot. Finland leads the winter swimming way

As the practice of taking an icy dip boom in Finland, younger generations are embracing the activity for its dynamic range of health benefits. Elina Mäkinen, a professional winter swimmer, shares her favourite winter swimming spots – suitable also for beginners. Read more…

Finland Named The Happiest Country in The World

The secret to Finnish happiness has been debated worldwide ever since Finland was first nominated for the prestigious title. Finns themselves believe that the key to their happiness is found in four elements: nature, lifestyle, food and sustainability. This summer, Finland is teaching how to master these qualities and find your inner Finn. Read more…

Finland Spearheads New Marine Conservation Initiatives to Safeguard Baltic Sea

NEWSROOM

New Technology to Examine Health of Deep-Sea Corals, Find Suspected New Species

A stunning mesophotic coral ecosystem is documented southeast of Vieques, off Puerto Rico. The expedition's research focused on documenting the biodiversity of corals and measuring chemical signatures of their health and physiology.

Scientists aboard Schmidt Ocean Institute’s R/V Falkor (too) have returned from an expedition to study the impact of climate change on deep water corals. Scientists from the mainland U.S. and Puerto Rico found greater biodiversity than previously known in Puerto Rican waters. Read more…

The Greener Side of Koh Phangan

Koh Phangan, a small island in the south of Thailand, is a popular tourist destination among backpackers, known for its raucous full moon, half moon, and no moon parties. These parties are popular amongst tourists but often leave the beaches littered with trash the following morning. Read more…

Innovative Tool for Effective Management of Marine Mammals within MPAs

Marine mammals play a crucial role in marine ecosystem function, providing valuable ecosystem services. However, climate change is predicted to aggravate the detrimental effects of shipping, bycatch, and pollution, amongst many other threats, on marine mammal populations. Read more…

SAWFISH NEWS: Earring Purchases Support Sawfish Conservation

tagged smalltooth sawfish about to be released credit Matthew Bernanke banner

There’s a new way to show off your love of endangered sawfishes and support their conservation! These beautiful handmade sawfish earrings are only $20 per pair (+$3 shipping). And thanks to the incredible generosity of Country Fried Crafts, $6 from each pair sold goes to the Sawfish Conservation Society! See more…

A Guide to Enjoying a Sustainable Trip to St. Lucia

St Lucia is a small island nation in the Caribbean Sea known for its stunning natural beauty and unique culture. The island boasts miles of pristine beaches, lush rainforests and breathtaking mountain views, making it a popular destination among tourists. Read more…

The Prince and the CEO: Saving the Global Ocean

I am fortunate that two of the world’s biggest champions for ocean conservation are friends and fellow fraternity brothers of Chi Psi Fraternity. I met Albert Grimaldi (better known today as His Serene Highness Prince Albert II of Monaco) at the Chi Psi Lodge at Amherst College. Read more…

NOAA Forecasts Below-Average Summer ‘Dead Zone’ in Gulf of Mexico

A team of scientists including a University of Michigan aquatic ecologist is forecasting a summer “dead zone” in the Gulf of Mexico that will cover an estimated 4,155 square miles, which is below the 5,364-square-mile average over the 36-year history of dead zone measurements in the region. Read more…

Scientists Draw Attention to Low Number of North Atlantic Right Whale Births

As North Atlantic right whale calving season ends, New England Aquarium scientists are celebrating the births while emphasizing that the number of mother-calf pairs documented this season is far below what is needed to sustain the critically endangered species. Read more…

Polar Amplification: Why is The Arctic Warming Faster Than The Rest of The World?

The Arctic is the fastest-warming region on Earth. Last year, an international team of climatologists discovered that the Arctic could warm even 4.5 times faster than the rest of the globe. It means that in the next 25 years, we can experience a no-ice in the Arctic in the summer season. Read more…

Smallest Shifting Fastest: Bird Species Body Size Predicts Rate of Change in a Warming World

Birds across the Americas are getting smaller and longer-winged as the world warms, and the smallest-bodied species are changing the fastest. That’s the main finding of a new University of Michigan-led study scheduled for online publication May 8 in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Read more…

From The Venetian Lagoon, a New Friend of The Sea® Certified Specialty: The Mareblu Mussel

On the island of Pellestrina, a strip of land in the Venetian Lagoon between Lido and Chioggia, Andrea Vianello, along with two other partners, has been running the agricultural company Mareblu since 2014. Read more…

Capitol Hill Ocean Week Speakers Highlight Diversity of Ocean-Climate Voices

The National Marine Sanctuary Foundation announced the list of confirmed speakers and panelists for Capitol Hill Ocean Week (CHOW), which will take place June 6-8, 2023, in Washington, DC, and virtually. The theme of CHOW 2023 is “Ocean x Climate.” Read more…

Landmark Legal Victory Ending Overharvest Marks Turning Point for Southern Resident Orcas & Wild Chinook Recovery

In an international, coastwide environmental victory, the Seattle federal Court issued a landmark order halting the overharvest of Chinook salmon in Southeast Alaska that has persisted for decades, jeopardizing the survival of federally-protected Southern Resident killer whales (SRKW) and wild Chinook populations coastwide. Read more…

OCEAN WEEK MILANO 2023

Ocean Week Milano 2023 is set to be an extraordinary event that will captivate the hearts and minds of attendees, as it brings together individuals, organizations, and leaders who are passionate about preserving and protecting our oceans. Read more…

Inspiring Ocean Conservation Through Art: Announcing the winners of the 2023 Science Without Borders® Challenge

The Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation is thrilled to announce the winners of the annual Science Without Borders® Challenge, an international student art contest that promotes ocean conservation. Read more…

New Law Expands Opportunities to Protect Maine’s Working Waterfront

A bill sponsored by Representative Morgan Rielly of Westbrook (LD 574: An Act to Amend the Laws Governing Working Waterfron Covenants) has been signed into law—greatly expanding opportunities for protecting Maine’s remaining working waterfronts. Read more…

Dive Operator in The Philippines Wins The Green Fins 2023 Award

The Reef-World Foundation — the international coordinator of the UN Environment Programme’s Green Fins initiative — is delighted to announce the winner of the Green Fins Award 2023 — Evolution Beach and Dive Resort in Malapascua, Philippines. Read more…

Join a Guy Harvey Expedition and Make Waves in Marine Conservation

The Guy Harvey Foundation (GHF) kicks off a series of excursions this summer with trips planned for Guatemala, Mexico and Panama to engage the public and to highlight the important research work being done in these countries. Read more…

Maxi Yacht Rolex Cup: Class Performances

Since the early 1980s, maxi yacht owners and sailors have been drawn to the Costa Smeralda and specifically the annual Maxi Yacht Rolex Cup. Considered the perfect sailing package the event unites first-class organization, a majestic sailing environment and the world’s leading maxi yachts and professional crews. Read more…

SEVENSEAS Beach Cleanup & Coral Restoration Events in Marine Protected Areas

In August 2022 CleanUp, we picked up over 80 kilogram of plastic, pieces of glasses, tractor tyre, and fishing nets from the beach in Krabi, Long Beach or Pan Beach. Of course, we would not be able to do it without your support. You can make a tax-deductible donation here to keep our publications and Thailand Cleanup Project afloat.

You can either make a direct financial contribution to SEVENSEAS Media through The Ocean Foundation website or connect us with potential donors by sending an email to Giacomo Abrusci, our Editor-in-Chief.

The FREE Weekly Conservation Post and Jobs List

Signing up for the free Weekly Newsletter & Jobs List will get you a round-up of upcoming events, webinars, meetings, reports, funding opportunities, photos of the week, and recent postings to the jobs list.

To sign up for our free subscription, please Click Here or email us Here.

Since 2004, SEVENSEAS Media has fostered an informal and non-partisan platform to promote understanding of key issues and challenges while building partnerships across an increasingly diverse group of marine conservation professionals and students.

Our mission is to promote communication and build partnerships across the global marine community and to identify and address gaps in the community’s work. SEVENSEAS Media achieves this through multimedia promotion and partnerships. The community consists of a diverse and growing group of participants, including non-governmental organizations, government agencies, foundations, bilateral and multilateral agencies, fellowship programs, independent consultants, and academia/students.

If you are interested in contributing or getting involved, email us Here.

[xyz-ihs snippet=”Prepared-by-PK”]

Feature Destination

Feature Destination: Where Sustainability Meets Serenity on The Shores of The Baltic Sea

Explore the Finnish Capital’s Unique Blend of Urban Sophistication, Pristine Nature, and Oceanic Wonders

With its vibrant cityscape harmoniously intertwined with pristine nature and the captivating Baltic Sea, Helsinki stands as a shining example of sustainable tourism at its finest. This Nordic gem beckons travelers seeking an enchanting escape that seamlessly blends urban sophistication, breathtaking natural landscapes, and a deep respect for the ocean’s wonders. Discover Helsinki, where sustainability takes center stage, inviting visitors to explore its eco-friendly initiatives, embrace nature’s splendor, and forge an indelible connection with the world beneath the waves.

Urban Sophistication: Helsinki’s urban landscape effortlessly combines modern design, cultural richness, and a commitment to sustainability. Meander through its streets, lined with stylish boutiques, avant-garde architecture, and innovative culinary establishments that proudly embrace organic and locally sourced ingredients. The city’s bustling markets, such as the famed Old Market Hall, offer a delectable array of sustainable and traditional Finnish delicacies, tantalizing both the palate and the senses.

Embracing Sustainable Tourism: Helsinki’s sustainable tourism initiatives are at the forefront of its ethos. The city boasts an exceptional public transportation system, including efficient trams and ferries, encouraging visitors to explore the city with a minimal carbon footprint. To truly immerse yourself in the local culture, rent a city bike and pedal your way through Helsinki’s well-maintained cycling paths, discovering hidden gems and lush green parks along the way.

Pristine Nature: Helsinki is blessed with an abundance of pristine nature within its city limits. Start your journey at the majestic Central Park, a lush oasis that seamlessly melds forests, lakes, and meandering trails. Breathe in the fresh air as you wander through Sibelius Park, named after Finland’s beloved composer, where magnificent sculptures pay homage to his melodic masterpieces.

Venture to the nearby Nuuksio National Park, a tranquil wilderness that invites you to explore its enchanting trails, spot elusive wildlife, and marvel at crystal-clear lakes. Immerse yourself in the serene beauty of Finnish nature, embracing the restorative power of forests and their timeless allure.

Oceanic Wonders: Helsinki’s undeniable charm lies in its connection to the Baltic Sea, offering an array of unforgettable experiences for ocean enthusiasts. Embark on a sailing adventure, gliding through the archipelago’s myriad of islands, and witness the mesmerizing interplay of sun-kissed waves and dramatic coastal cliffs. Engage in sustainable fishing excursions, guided by experienced local experts, and savor the thrill of catching your own dinner while respecting the delicate balance of marine ecosystems.

For a truly immersive experience, dive beneath the waves and discover Helsinki’s vibrant underwater world. The Baltic Sea reveals an astonishing tapestry of marine life, including colorful fish, awe-inspiring shipwrecks, and graceful seals. Dive responsibly with eco-certified operators who prioritize marine conservation and share their knowledge of the delicate marine ecosystem.

Dive Finland – www.divefinland.fi
Helsinki Diving Center – www.helsinkidivingcenter.fi
Adventure Dive – www.adventuredive.fi
Helsinki Scuba Diving – www.helsinkiscubadiving.com
Baltic Scuba – www.balticscuba.fi

Helsinki captivates the soul of the sustainable traveler, inviting them to experience a harmonious blend of urban sophistication, untouched nature, and the mesmerizing Baltic Sea. From its eco-friendly initiatives and vibrant markets to its pristine parks and captivating underwater realm, this Finnish capital effortlessly showcases its dedication to sustainable tourism. Immerse yourself in Helsinki’s transformative journey, where the city, nature, and ocean seamlessly converge, leaving an indelible mark on your heart and a newfound appreciation for the beauty of sustainable travel.

[xyz-ihs snippet=”Prepared-by-PK”]